土壤生物消毒对甘肃省中部沿黄灌区马铃薯连作障碍的防控效果  

Control of continuous potato monoculture barrier via biological soil disinfestation method in Yellow River irrigation areas of central Gansu Province,Northwest China

作　　者：刘星[1] 张书乐[1] 刘国锋[1] 邱慧珍[1] 王蒂[2] 张俊莲[2] 沈其荣[3] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学资源与环境学院/甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室,兰州730070 [2]甘肃省作物遗传改良与种质创新重点实验室,兰州730070 [3]南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院,南京210095

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2015年第4期1205-1214,共10页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201103004);国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD06B03);国家马铃薯产业技术体系项目(CARS-10-P18);甘肃省科技重大专项(1102NKDA025)资助

摘　　要：采用有机物料添加、土壤灌水和表土覆盖相结合的土壤生物消毒方法来防控甘肃省中部沿黄灌区马铃薯连作障碍,系统性地评估生物消毒对连作马铃薯块茎产量、植株生长发育及土传病害抑制、微生物区系和酶活性等土壤生化性质的影响.结果表明:生物消毒处理比对照块茎产量和植株生物量分别显著增加16.1%和30.8%,植株发病率和病薯率分别下降68.0%和46.7%.生物消毒处理显著提高了连作马铃薯叶绿素含量和主茎分枝数,改善了根系形态结构.在播前土壤生物消毒处理过程中,土壤p H值和细菌/真菌显著增加,真菌和镰刀菌数量大幅度下降,而细菌和放线菌数量则变化不明显.在马铃薯各生育时期,生物消毒处理土壤真菌数量均远低于对照,镰刀菌数量也低于对照,但随着生育进程的推进,镰刀菌数量呈现逐渐回升的趋势.无论是在生物消毒处理过程中还是马铃薯整个生育期,生物消毒处理的土壤相关酶活性与对照相比变化均不明显.总体上,土壤生物消毒的方法在克服马铃薯连作障碍上具有较大的应用潜力.The potential of biological soil disinfestation（BSD） in control of continuous potato mono- culture barrier was investigated in present study. BSD involves the induction of soil reduction condi- tions through incorporation of easily decomposed organic mater/als into soil, flooding the soil by irri- gation, and covering the soil surface with plastic film. Control（CK） was left without cover and or- ganic amendment as well as flooding. Field experiment was conducted for testing the effect of BSD approach on the control of continuous potato monocuhure barrier, especially on tube yield, plant growth and development, suppression of soil-borne pathogen, and soil microbial community and en- zyme activities. Compared with CK, BSD treatment significantly increased tuber yield by 16.1% and plant biomass by 30.8%, respectively. Meanwhile, the incidence of diseased plant and the ratio of diseased tuber in BSD treatment also significantly decreased by 68.0% and 46.7% as compared to those in CK, respectively. BSD treatment significantly increased the content of chlorophyll and branch numbers per main stem of potato plants, improved the morphological characteristics of potato root system. In the course of BSD before potato sowing, soil pH value and bacteria/fungi significant-ly increased, but populations of fungi and Fusarium sp. significantly decreased compared with CK. There were no significant changes in populations of bacteria and actinomycetes between CK and BSD treatments. During potato growing stage, the populations of both soil fungi and Fusarium sp. were lower in BSD treatment than those of CK. With the advance of potato growth, the population of Fu- sarium sp. in BSD treatment gradually increased compared with CK. There were no significant chan- ges in soil enzyme activities in the course of BSD before potato sowing and the whole of potato grow- ing stage. It was concluded that BSD has the potential to control continuous potato monocuhure bar- tier and may be an important element in a sustainable and effective m

关 键 词：马铃薯 连作 土壤生物消毒 可培养微生物 镰刀菌 土壤酶 

分 类 号：S435.32[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]