双季稻田不同种植模式对CH_4和N_2O排放的影响研究  

CH_4 and N_2O Emission Reduction under Different Cropping Systems in Double-cropping Paddy Fields

作　　者：彭华[1,2,3] 纪雄辉[2,3] 吴家梅[1,2,3] 朱坚[1,2,3] 黄涓[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]中南大学隆平分院,湖南长沙410125 [2]湖南省土壤肥料研究所,湖南长沙410125 [3]农业部长江中游平原农业环境重点实验室,湖南长沙410125

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2015年第2期190-195,共6页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31300413);国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAD11B02)

摘　　要：以南方典型双季稻种植制度(早稻-晚稻R-R)为对照,采用静态箱-气相色谱法,研究了双季稻田早、晚稻(Oryza sativa L.)改种玉米(Zea mays L.),包括早稻-玉米(R-C)和玉米-早稻(C-R)两种种植模式下周年温室气体排放及其综合增温潜势(GWP),旨在探索出适合双季稻区的低碳农业种植模式,对我国农业应对气候变化温室气体减排具有重大意义。结果表明:不同种植制中水稻种植CH4排放占主导地位,改制玉米N2O排放量显著增加;其中,早稻改制玉米(C-R)的CH4排放比晚稻改制玉米(R-C)显著降低68.5%(P<0.05),N2O排放量有所降低,但没有达到显著水平;R-C和C-R模式CH4周年排放总量较R-R模式显著降低53.6%(P<0.01)和183.9%(P<0.01),但N2O排放分别显著增加257.0%(P<0.01)和245.2%(P<0.01);不同种植制度增温潜势(按CO2当量计)大小顺序为:R-R(8 855.3 kg·hm-2)>R-C(4 881.4 kg·hm-2)>C-R(2 116.4 kg·hm-2),且差异达显著水平,结合南方晚稻季温光资源的优势,认为玉米替代晚稻种植(早稻-玉米模式)是一可行的减缓温室效应的途径。CH4 and N2O emissions under three crop rotation systems were measured using static chamber/gas chromatographic techniques to study the anniversary of greenhouse gas emissions and the Global Warming Potential（GWP）. The three systems included double-cropping paddy（R-R） （Oryza sativa L.）, corn（Zea mays L.）-later rice system（C-R） and early rice-corn system（R-C）. The results showed that paddy field cropping pattern took a dominated role in CH4 emission. The N2O emission was increased significantly in maize season; The emissions of CH4 and N2O were decreased while the former was reduced significantly by 68.5%（P〈0.05） compared with the R-C treatment. The anniversary total emission of CH4 in R-C and C-R treatment were reduced by 53.6%（P〈0.01） and 183.9%（P〈0.01） but increased by 257.0%（P〈0.01） and 245.2%（P〈0.01） of N2O respectively compared with R-R treatment. The order of GWPS under different crop rotation system was in following： R-R（8 855.3 kg CO2·hm-2）〉R-C（4 881.4 kg CO2·hm-2）〉C-R（2 116.4 kg CO2·hm-2）. Combining the advantages of temperature and light resources in this southern area, the cropping pattern of corn replacing late rice（R-C）is a feasible way to mitigate the greenhouse effect.

关 键 词：双季稻 CH4 N2O 

分 类 号：X14[环境科学与工程—环境科学]