《周易》阴阳观与洛阳汉代画像  

The Concept of Yin-Yang in Zhouyi and the Chinese Portrait Brick in Luoyang City

作　　者：杨效雷[1] 徐婵菲 张金平[3] 

机构地区：[1]天津师范大学历史文化学院 [2]河南古代壁画馆 [3]德州学院文学院

出　　处：《天津师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2015年第2期41-47,共7页Journal of Tianjin Normal University(Social Science)

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学基金项目(10YJCZH210)

摘　　要：《周易》阴阳观包括阴阳交易观、阴阳分判观、尊阳抑阴观,它们在洛阳汉代画像中都有体现。汉画像中常出现伏羲、女娲的形象。或伏羲举日、女娲捧月;或伏羲捧月、女娲举日。伏羲举日、女娲捧月反映了《周易》阴阳分判观,而伏羲捧月、女娲举日则反映了《周易》阴阳交易观。在汉画像材料中,常见马、虎形象。马与虎相处在一块砖上,马比虎画得更大。前人多从"马在当时频繁的战争中和生活中起的作用"的角度来理解,其实,可以从《周易》"尊阳抑阴"观的角度来解读。汉代董仲舒思想流行,董仲舒的代表作《春秋繁露》中专设"阳尊阴卑"章详加论述。从"尊阳抑阴"观的角度解读马、虎汉画材料,也是符合当时的思想文化背景的。The concept of Yin-Yang in Zhouyi concludes the interaction of Yin-Yang,the differentiation of Yin-Yang,the discrimination of Yin-Yang,all of which were embodied in the Chinese Portrait brick.The images of Fuxi and Nvwa often appeared in the bricks,with Fuxi lifting up the sun and Nvwa holding the moon or Fuxi holding the moon and Nvwa lifting up the sun.Fuxi lifting up the sun and Nvwa holding the moon reflected the differentiation of Yin-Yang concept,and Fuxi holding the moon and Nvwa lifting up the sun reflected the interaction of Yin-Yang concept.The images of horse and tiger often appeared in the bricks too.Horses and tigers often appeared in the same brick and horses were often bigger than the tigers,which our predecessors often interpreted it from the role horses played in the frequent wars and daily lives then.In fact,it can be interpreted from the discrimination of Yin-Yang concept.Dong Zhongshu Thought was popular in Han dynasty and he discussed in detail in his magnum opus Chunqiu Fanlu with a unique article on＂male superiority to female＂.Therefore,interpreting the horses and tigers in Chinese Portrait brick according to the discrimination of Yin-Yang concept also conform to historical features of the time.

关 键 词：《周易》 阴阳交易 阴阳分判 尊阳抑阴 墓葬壁画 空心砖画像 

分 类 号：K879.4[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] B221[历史地理—历史学]