广义不确定性原理下费米气体低温热力学性质  

Thermodynamic properties of Fermi gas under generalized uncertainty principle

作　　者：李鹤龄[1] 王娟娟[1] 杨斌[1] 王亚妮[1] 沈宏君[1] 

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学物理电气信息学院,银川750021

出　　处：《物理学报》2015年第8期62-71,共10页Acta Physica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(批准号:61167002);宁夏自然科学基金(批准号:NZ14055)资助的课题~~

摘　　要：在考虑到广义不确定性原理时,统计物理中的态密度必须做出修正,这导致对传统统计物理的所有结果都有不同程度的修正.在高能、高温条件下,此修正是颠覆传统观念的,在低温条件下,也有一定的修正.研究了低温条件下考虑到广义不确定性原理时,理想费米气体和具有弱相互作用费米气体的热力学性质,分别给出理想费米气体和弱相互作用费米气体的化学势、内能和定容热容的解析表达式,并以铜电子气体为例进行了具体数值计算,将计算结果与不考虑广义不确定性原理时的费米气体的热力学性质进行了比较,探讨了广义不确定性原理对系统热力学性质的影响.考虑到广义不确定性原理后费米气体的化学势、费米能和基态能增大,热容减少,内能随温度的增加先增大,到某一温度(对于铜电子气体,T/TF0～0.3)时,增值为零,温度再增加内能减少.这些修正的具体数值主要由粒子数密度决定,粒子数密度越大,修正越大.When taking into account the generalized uncertainty principle in statistical physics, the density of states must make a correction, which causes all the results of traditional statistical physics to have different degrees of correction. In high-energy or high-temperature conditions, this amendment can subvert the traditional concept and there are also some certain amendments at low temperatures. In this paper we study the thermodynamic properties of the ideal and weakly interacting Fermi gas in low temperature conditions when the generalized uncertainty principle is taken into account. Firstly, analytical expressions of chemical potential, internal energy and heat capacity at constant volume of ideal or weakly interacting Fermi gas are given. Then the properties of copper electron gas are computed as an example, showing that when the generalized uncertainty principle is taken into account the chemical potential, Fermi energy and the ground state energy increase with the increase of temperature, while the heat capacity decreases. When the temperature is lower than 0.3 times TFO, the internal energy increases with the increase of temperature, but becomes decreased when temperature is high than 0.3 times TF0. These amendments are mostly dependent on particle density, which becomes bigger and bigger with particle density increasing.

关 键 词：广义不确定性原理 费米气体 热力学性质 

分 类 号：O414.1[理学—理论物理]