四川省房屋数据空间化及在芦山7.0级地震灾情快速评估中的应用  

Housing Data Spatialization in Sichuan Province and its Application in Fast Assessment on Lushan M7.0 Earthquake Disaster

作　　者：丁文秀[1,2] 李志强[3] 卓力格图[4] 李晓丽[3] 韩贞辉[3] 冯新科 

机构地区：[1]中国地震局地震研究所(地震大地测量重点实验室),湖北武汉430071 [2]中国地质大学(武汉)地空学院,湖北武汉430071 [3]中国地震局地质研究所,北京100029 [4]内蒙古自治区地震局,内蒙古自治区呼和浩特010010

出　　处：《灾害学》2015年第2期128-132,共5页Journal of Catastrophology

基　　金：中国地震局地震行业科研专项"基于快速震动图技术的天山带灾情速判研究"(201308018-5);中国地震局地震行业科研专项"南北地震带区域基础数据更新与数据模式转换"(201108002)

摘　　要：在四川省城乡布局和经济分区的基础上,通过308个房屋数据抽样点（1 km×1 km）并结合土地利用数据,建立分类的房屋数据空间化模型。将其结果应用到芦山7.0级地震震例中,得到以下结论：灾区毁坏与严重破坏房屋数量591 077间,误差为4.1%;房屋直接经济损失估算259.6～300亿元,误差为4.5%～10.2%;死亡人数误差为26.0%～71.9%;受伤人数误差12.7%～22.3%。结果表明：提出的房屋空间化方法较好地体现了实际房屋分布情况,为建立大区域的房屋空间数据提供了途径。用该数据评估得到的灾区房屋倒损、人员伤亡、经济损失数据有较高的可信度。在此基础上以房屋倒损结构类型和面积为指标划分救援区域,为救援力量的合理部署提供依据。On the basis of the layout of urban and rural areas and economic regionalization in Sichuan Province,through 308 housing data sampling points（1 km × 1 km） and combined with the land use data,a housing data spatialization model is established.The results are applied to the case of Lushan M7.0 earthquake and the amount of destructed and seriously destroyed houses in the stricken area is 591 077 with an error of 4.1%; estimation for the direct economic loss of housing is 259.6 ～ 300 billion,with an error of 4.5% ～ 10.2%; the death toll error is 26.0% ～ 71.9% and the number of injured error is 12.7% ～ 22.3%.Results show that： the housing spatialization method proposed can reflect the actual housing distribution,providing a way for the establishment of spatial data on houses in big regions.Data on house damages,casualties and economic losses evaluated according to the above data have relatively higher credibility.Rescue areas are divided with the index of house damage structure type and area to provide references for reasonable deployment of rescue force.

关 键 词：房屋 数据空间化 地震灾情 快速评估 芦山7级地震 救援 区域划分 

分 类 号：X43[环境科学与工程—灾害防治] P316[天文地球—地震学]