灾害条件下多层次应急疏散模型的构建方法研究  

Research on the Multi-levels Emergency Evacuation Model under Disaster Conditions

作　　者：唐炉亮[1] 杨雪[1] 刘章[1] 王雪浩 靳晨[1] 董坤[2] 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学测绘遥感信息工程国家重点实验室,湖北武汉430079 [2]航天恒星科技有限公司(503所),北京100086

出　　处：《灾害学》2015年第2期179-185,共7页Journal of Catastrophology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(41271442;40801155);中国航天科技集团公司卫星应用研究院创新基金资助(2014_CXJJ-DSJ_02);深圳市北斗卫星应用工程技术研究中心资助

摘　　要：人们每天都要面对各种造成严重财产和人身安全损失的重大灾害,如何建立灾害条件下中国人口高密度大范围的应急疏散模型,具有重大的意义。该文基于我国灾害条件下高密度人口的集体疏散模式,按照灾害区域的具体情况和人口分布,以道路实时速度和路面损毁程度所决定的道路阻抗性作为评判道路疏散能力的依据,构建从危险区域的多集结点到安全区域的多安置点的多层次应急疏散模型,确定集体疏散人员的疏散路径、人数和车辆,实现在最短的时间内的受灾群众整体最优疏散,并以山东省德州发生地震作为实验区,采用Google Map API和C#搭建多层次应急疏散平台,验证了多层次应急疏散模型的可行性。So many major disasters happened in the world every year and lead to serious loss to the property and personal safety.How to formulate emergency evacuation model for high-density city under the disasters condition is very important for human being.China has many high-density cities and when the disaster happened people there will be delivered by the government.So the difference between other developed countries and China is the evacuation model belongs to a kind of collective evacuation.Multi-level Emergency Evacuation Model（MEEM） is put forward,which determines the space match between the multi-gathering places（Origins） in the disaster area and multi-setting places（Destinations） in the safe area.Based on the real road traffic and road damage in varying degrees,MEEM measures the road evacuation ability use the road impedance which is decided by road speed and pavement damage limited to the evaluation target.MEEM plans the routes from the Origins to the Destinations,and decide the numbers of the evacuation cars and population on the every route.Finally,an emergency evacuation case has been done in this paper with the data base of Shandong province,and a function compare has been done between the proposed model with other evacuation models,and the result validates the MEEM to be a promising method which fits to the Chinese condition.

关 键 词：多层次疏散模型 空间点配对 最优K条路径 车辆分配 应急疏散平台 

分 类 号：P208[天文地球—地图制图学与地理信息工程] X43[天文地球—测绘科学与技术]