黏弹剂的眼科临床应用  

Clinical application of viscoelastics in ophthalmology

作　　者：王科华[1] 夏晓波[1] 

机构地区：[1]中南大学湘雅医院眼科,长沙410008

出　　处：《国际眼科纵览》2015年第1期15-20,共6页International Review of Ophthalmology

摘　　要：近年来,黏弹剂在眼科手术中得到广泛应用,同时在不同类型黏弹剂的选择和使用方面有了更深入的研究,而且围绕黏弹剂的应用涌现了许多新的手术技术.在白内障手术方面,提出了组合使用不同类型黏弹剂的软壳技术、最佳软壳技术及三重软壳技术;在术中虹膜松弛综合征、儿童白内障撕囊及术中后囊膜破裂时合理的选择与使用黏弹剂有利于提高手术的安全性和便利性.在青光眼手术方面,利用黏弹剂处理小梁切除术后的浅前房及黏弹剂小管扩张术.在角膜移植手术方面,黏弹剂在供体角膜摘取及穿透性角膜移植术中能有效的保护角膜内皮细胞,且在板层角膜移植及角膜内皮移植术中也有独特的应用.在玻璃体视网膜手术方面,黄斑裂孔手术或眼后段异物取出术中利用黏弹剂保护视网膜免受医源性损伤等.In recent years,viscoelastics has been widely applied to a series of ophthalmic surgeries,and meanwhile,there are deeper studies on selection and utilization of viscoelastics of the different type,and moreover numerous new surgical techniques spring up around the application of viscoelastics.In terms of cataract surgery,techniques by using the combination of different type of viscoelastics are put forward,such as soft shell technique,ultimate soft shell technique,tri-soft shell technique,besides,appropriate selection and application of viscoelastics can improve the safety and convenience of operation in intraoperative floppy iris syndrome,capsulorhexis in pediatric cataract surgery,intraoperative posterior capsule rupture.In terms of glaucoma surgery,viscoelastics can be used to treat flat anterior chamber after trabeculectomy,and apply it to viscocanalostomy.In terms of corneal transplantation surgery,viscoelastics can protect corneal endothelial cells effectively during donor＆#39;s corneal harvesting and penetrating keratoplasty,besides,it has unique application in lamella keratoplasty and endothelial keratoplasty.In terms of vitreoretinal surgery,viscoelastics can be used to protect retina from iatrogenic injuries during macular hole surgery or removal of posterior segment foreign bodies.

关 键 词：黏弹剂 白内障/外科学 青光眼/外科学 角膜移植术 玻璃体视网膜手术 

分 类 号：R779.1[医药卫生—眼科]