病理性近视病因及发病机制的研究进展  

Research progress in etiology and pathogenesis of pathological myopia

作　　者：高婷婷[1] 龙琴[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国医学科学院北京协和医学院北京协和医院眼科,100730

出　　处：《国际眼科纵览》2015年第1期44-49,共6页International Review of Ophthalmology

摘　　要：病理性近视是一种屈光度超过-6.00 D并呈进行性加重,眼轴不断延长的疾病.其眼底多发生胶原蛋白变性等病理改变,伴有黄斑出血、视网膜脱离和脉络膜新生血管形成等并发症,是严重致盲性疾病.尽管对其病因及发病机制已有较深入的研究,但尚未达成共识.多数认为病理性近视是由遗传因素和环境因素共同作用的结果,多个病理性近视相关基因（如MYP1～MYP5,MYP11 ～MYP13,MYP15～MYP16）的发现及定位标志着其病因研究已发展到基因水平.此外,研究发现TGF-β-Smad、HGF-c-Met、Stat3、IGF相关、NO-cGMP和Shh等信号通路在病理性近视发病机制中起重要作用.Pathological myopia is an illness with diopter more than-6.00 D with the developing diopter and prolonging ocular axis progressively.Many patients complicate with macular hemorrhage,retinal detachment,and choroid neovascularization.It is a serious disease which can cause blindness.Thus the study of its etiology and pathogenesis has far-reaching significance.However,scholars have not yet reached a consensus.Most scholars believe that the occurrence and development of pathological myopia is related to both genetic factors and environmental factors.The discovery of multiple pathological myopia related genes （such as MYP1 ～ MYP5,MYP11～ MYP13,MYP15 ～ MYP16） marks that its etiology research has developed to the genetic level.In addition,the study has found that signaling pathways,such as TGF-β-Smad,HGF-c-Met,Stat3,IGF relative,NO-cGMP,and Shh,play the important role in the pathogenesis of pathological myopia.

关 键 词：病理性近视/发病机制 遗传因素 环境因素 信号转导通路 

分 类 号：R778.11[医药卫生—眼科]