条件句中的“那/那么”  

“Na/Name” in Conditional Sentences

作　　者：王春辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学国际文化学院,北京100089

出　　处：《汉语学习》2015年第2期41-48,共8页Chinese Language Learning

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学青年基金项目"类型学视野中的汉语条件句研究"(项目编号:11YJC740098)资助

摘　　要：连词"那/那么"的语义特征可以概括为四点——接续性、因果性、推理性、主观性,这四个特征在条件句中的表现尤为明显。汉语条件句以不使用"那/那么"为优势。在使用"那/那么"的条件句中,"那么"比"那"常用;"知域""言域"比"行域"常用;"双条件"的解读更强。在以下情形的条件句中,不能使用"那/那么":"只有"引导的特定条件句;"除非"引导的例外条件句;让步条件句;当结果小句的主语是回指条件小句的代词时;关联条件句;惯常条件句。由此可见,条件句在许多情况下"p,q"≠"p,那/那么q"。上述倾向性及制约情形可以从"那/那么"的语义特征及其他一些逻辑、认知因素中得到合理的解释。The connectives of ＂na/name＂ have four semantic features：continuality,causality,inferentiality and subjectivity,that display more clearly in conditional sentences.In the conditional sentences of using ＂na/name＂,there are some tendencies;（1） ＂name＂ is more used than ＂no＂;（2）they are more used in epistemic and speech-act conditional sentences than in content ones;（3）the ＂biconditonals＂ interpretation is strengthened.In the following situations, ＂na/ name＂ can’t be used：specified conditionals introduced by ＂zhiyou＂,exceptive conditionals introduced by ＂chufei＂,concessive conditionals,relevance conditionals,habitual conditionals,and when the subject of the consequent clause is the pronoun which anaphora the conditional clause.In one word, ＂p,q＂ is not equal as ＂p,na/name q＂ in some cases.Both the tendencies and the restrictions can be explained in the features of ＂na/name＂ and some other logic and cognitive factors.

关 键 词：条件句 那 那么 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]