非线性最小二乘在倾斜影像定向中的应用  

Application of Nonlinear Least Square to the Orientation of Oblique Image

作　　者：龚辉[1,2] 张丽[1,2,3] 张振华 李纲[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]西安测绘研究所,陕西西安710054 [2]地理信息工程国家重点实验室,陕西西安710054 [3]信息工程大学地理空间信息学院,河南郑州450052 [4]第一测绘导航基地,北京100042

出　　处：《测绘科学与工程》2015年第1期7-13,26,共8页Geomatics Science and Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目（41301526）.

摘　　要：摄影测量学中惯用的影像定向方法是对共线条件方程按泰勒公式展开进行线性化，并按最小二乘原理求解，其求解的精度与外方位元素的初值具有很大关系，不能有效求解倾斜影像外方位元素。本文提出了一种利用非线性最小二乘迭代的影像定向方法，该算法利用物方误差来代替摄影测量中惯用的像方误差，采用非线性方程直接迭代方法进行求解，从而无需进行线性化。模拟和实际数据的实验结果表明，该算法能正确进行倾斜影像的外方位元素求解，算法具有很好的稳定性和适应性。The traditional method of exterior element orientation in photogrammetry is to expand the coUinear equation accord- ing to Taylor formula to obtain the linear equations, which is solved iteratively applying the least square principle. The precision of the solution is closely related to the initial approximation of exterior orientation elements. A solution of exterior orientation elements based on nonlinear least square is put forward in this paper. Firstly the object space error is used to replace the image space error in photogrammetry, and then the iteration of nonlinear equation is conducted to solve this problem, so there is no need for linearization of collinear equation. Stimulation and experiment results indicate that this algorithm can solve the exterior element orientation prob- lem in a stable and well - adapted way.

关 键 词：非线性最小二乘 摄影测量 外方位元素 空间相似变换 正交投影 

分 类 号：P234[天文地球—摄影测量与遥感]