A-超家族芋螺毒素研究进展  

Progress on A-superfamily conotoxins

作　　者：孟海玲[1] 屈静[1] 庞静[1] 邴晖[1] 吴勇[1] 朱晓鹏[1] 罗素兰[1] 长孙东亭[1] 

机构地区：[1]海南大学热带生物资源教育部重点实验室,海口市海洋药物重点实验室,海南海口570228

出　　处：《中国海洋药物》2015年第2期77-85,共9页Chinese Journal of Marine Drugs

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41366002;81160503);国家国际科技合作专项(2011DFR31210);海南省社会发展科技专项(SF201328);海口市重点科技计划项目(2013-16);长江学者和创新团队发展计划(IRT1123)资助

摘　　要：芋螺毒素是一类芋螺毒液管和毒囊内壁的毒腺所分泌的活性多肽,能特异地作用于电压门控离子通道(Na+、K+、Ca2+)、配体门控离子通道(nAChRs、5-HT3R、NMDAR)、G蛋白偶联受体(神经降压素和血管加压素)和神经递质转运蛋白,已在神经科学领域和新药研制方面受到广泛关注。目前据其信号肽的保守性,将芋螺毒素分为26个超家族。其中A-超家族是研究较多的超家族之一,其作用靶标主要是乙酰胆碱受体,对疼痛、成瘾、抑郁症、帕金森综合症、老年痴呆症、多发性硬化症、癫痫、中风、肌无力等具有潜在的药用价值。本文就A-超家族芋螺毒素的基因结构、蛋白特征、功能等方面的研究进展进行综述。Conotoxins are a group of biotoxins secreted by the duct and theca of Conus snail.Wellknown molecular targets of these conopeptides are voltage-gated ion channels（Na＋,K＋,Ca2＋）,ligand-gated ion channels（nAChRs,5-HT3 R,NMDAR）,G-protein-coupled receptors（neurotensin,vasopressin）,and neurotransmitter transporters（NET）.Conotoxins have attracted extensive attention with their potentials to be developed as new research tools in neuroscience and as novel medications.According to the highly conserved signal peptide sequences,conotoxins are divided into 26 superfamilies.A-superfamily is one of superfamilies that have been well characterized and reviewed,which targets the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors（nAChRs）selectively.A-superfamily conotoxins have long been considered as potential therapeutic drugs for the treatment of several neuropsychiatric diseases including pain,addiction,depression,Parkinson＇s disease,Alzheimer disease,multiple sclerosis,epilepsy,stroke and muscle relaxation,etc.This review summarizes the progress of the gene structure,protein characteristics,and functions of A-superfamily conotoxins.

关 键 词：A-超家族芋螺毒素 基因结构 蛋白特征 乙酰胆碱受体 

分 类 号：R931[医药卫生—生药学]