枣农间作环境效应其及对红枣坐果率的影响研究  

Study on Environmental Effect and Fruit Set Percentage of Jujube in Jujube-crops Intercropping System

作　　者：樊丁宇[1] 肖雷[1] 周晓明[1] 郭春苗[1] 谢辉[1] 张雯[1] 杨磊[1] 郝庆[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院园艺作物研究所/农业部新疆地区果树科学观测实验站,乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2015年第3期450-454,共5页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区科技计划项目"红枣密植高效栽培综合技术集成与示范"(201131102);公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费"南疆地区粮食;棉花和果树间作技术模式研究"(201003043)

摘　　要：【目的】研究枣农间作环境效应及不同间作物对枣树坐果率的影响。【方法】田间观测不同间作物枣园的光照强度、空气温湿度日变化,调查骏枣坐果率。【结果】枣树初花期,随着太阳高度角的变化,枣树对间作物的遮阴效果和行间光照强度不同。12：00-16：00枣树对间作物的遮阴最弱,行间光照强度最大,且随各观测点距枣树距离的增大,各点截获的光量依次增加;不同枣农间作系统中气温、空气相对湿度变化程度不同。14：00-18：00气温出现最大值,而湿度达到最小。枣园间作油菜可以明显降低气温,提高空气相对湿度。四种间作系统中,枣树坐果率均有提高,但各处理坐果率与未间作枣园无显著差异。【结论】不同时间段,枣树对不同间作物遮阴效果及行间不同位点的光照强度不同。不同间作物对枣农间作系统温湿度的调节作用不同。枣园间作油菜对空气温湿度的调节作用最为明显。枣园合理间作有利于提高枣树的坐果率。【Objective】The study aims at environmental effect and the influence of different crops on fruit set percentage of jujube in jujube-crops intercropping system. 【Method】light intensity,air temperature,air relative humidity and fruit set percentage were observed in jujube garden between different crops.【Result】During the initial full bloom stage,from 12： 00 to 16： 00,the shade effects of jujube on crops and light intensity in jujube row were different with the change of solar altitude. The shade of jujube on crops was minimum and the light intensity in jujube row was maximum. The light radiation amount of each point increased in turn with the increase of distance from each observation point to jujube. Air temperature and relative humidity were different in jujube-crops intercropping system. Air temperatures appeared maximum and relative humidity appeared minimum among 14： 00 to 18： 00. Jujube-rape intercropping could obviously decrease air temperature and improve air relative humidity. Jujube fruit set percentage improved in four treat-ments,but there was no significant difference compared with the control.【Conclusion】The shade effect of jujube for crops and light intensity in jujube row was different in the day. Air temperature and relative humidity adjustment were different among different crops,but the adjustment of jujube interplanting rape was extremely obvious. Reasonable intercropping can improve jujube fruit setting rate.

关 键 词：枣农间作系统 光照强度 气温 空气相对湿度 坐果率 

分 类 号：S665.1[农业科学—果树学]