美国证人豁免制度及其启示  

Research on Witness Immunity and Its Enlightenment

作　　者：徐磊[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]美国加州戴维斯分校 [2]中国政法大学

出　　处：《南京大学法律评论》2015年第1期341-358,共18页Nanjing University Law Review

基　　金：国家留学基金委国家建设高水平大学公派研究生项目(201307070046)的支持

摘　　要：证人豁免制度作为不得强迫自证其罪特免权发展过程中历史的必然的产物,其对于公共利益之维护必不可少。美国立法历经不得强迫自证其罪特免权的绝对保障,到罪行豁免,再到使用豁免的沿革过程。从美国司法实践而言,证人豁免制度经历了从控方证人豁免到辩方证人豁免的发展历程,并且正式证人豁免和非正式证人豁免并存。在我国刑事司法实践中,特别是在贿赂犯罪中,出现了类似于证人豁免制度的做法,但这种不具备实质性的做法只是追诉机关打击犯罪的工具。我国刑事法律并未规定证人豁免制度。我国应在借鉴国外证人豁免制度的基础上,建立起中国式的证人豁免制度。As an inevitable outcome of privilege against self-incrimination, witness immunity is essential for the maintenance of the public interest. Witness experienced from absolute protection of the Fifth Amendment of the U. S. Federal Constitution to relative protection of transactional immunity and use immunity. The system has undergone from prosecuting witness immunity to defense witness immunity, and formal and informal witness immunity coexist in the judicial practice of the United States. There are similar cases of witness immunity in our criminal judicial practice, but China＇s criminal law does not formulate witness immunity. China should study the foreign system and establish the Chinese witness immunity system.

关 键 词：证人豁免制度 不得强迫自证其罪特免权 宪法权利 构建 

分 类 号：D925.2[政治法律—诉讼法学]