知识背景效应对分类加工过程影响的眼动研究  

How Knowledge Background Affects Category Learning on College Students:An Eye Tracking Study

作　　者：杨伟刚[1,2] 陈婉茹 王有智 宋宝萍[2] 

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学心理学院,西安710061 [2]西安电子科技大学人文学院心理系.西安710071 [3]北京红黄蓝幼儿园.北京100078

出　　处：《心理与行为研究》2015年第2期211-216,共6页Studies of Psychology and Behavior

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(RW140112);2012年度教育部人文社会科学规划基金项目(12YJA710059)

摘　　要：在目标匹配范式下,使用表示现实生活中的物体和场景关系的手绘黑白图片材料,通过眼动记录法考察了68名知识背景不同的文理科大学生分类加工过程的差异。结果表明,知识背景对大学生分类加工过程有影响,其主要作用于分类加工的首次加工阶段。文科学生在首次加工中对问题区分配的注意多于选项区,而理科学生对问题区和选项区平均分配注意。文科生相对于理科生能够更早的注意到正确选项,在加工中重视对上位概念概括(问题区目标概念)和下位概念与上位概念间(选项区待分类概念和目标概念)的比较,而理科生更加重视同水平概念间的比较。Categorization is critically important, because it reduces demands on memory and allows individuals to focus on important aspects of objects while ignoring irrelevant details. This study, under the target matching paradigm, through the eye tracking recording for separation of the category learning process, examines the different category learning process of 68 arts and science college students with the hand-painted black and white picture materials of real-life objects and scenes relationship. The results show that background knowledge has an effect on college students＇ category learning process and its main role in category learning processing for the first time. The arts students in the first processing distribute more attention to the problem area than the options area, while science students distribute equally attention to both areas. The arts students relative to the science students can earlier notice the area） and concept） , correct option. The arts students emphasis on upper concept generalization （target concept of problem comparison between the lower and upper concepts （options for classification concept and target while the science students more emphasis on the comparison between the same levels of concepts.

关 键 词：知识背景效应 分类加工 眼动 大学生 

分 类 号：B842.5[哲学宗教—基础心理学]