孤独谱系障碍儿童面部表情识别的特征及相关研究  

The characteristics of facial expression recognition in children with autism spectrum disorder and related research

作　　者：肖运华 李佳[2] 钱璐[1] 李赟[1] 邱婷[1] 方慧[1] 李雪松[2] 柯晓燕[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京医科大学附属脑科医院儿童心理卫生研究中心,南京210029 [2]东南大学儿童发展与学习科学教育部重点实验室

出　　处：《中华行为医学与脑科学杂志》2015年第3期222-226,共5页Chinese Journal of Behavioral Medicine and Brain Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重大研究计划培育项目（91132750）;江苏省科技厅自然科学基金项目（BK2012519）;江苏省医学重点人才项目（RC2011024）

摘　　要：目的 对比分析孤独谱系障碍（autism spectrum disorder,ASD）儿童人脸面部表情识别特征,并探讨其面部情绪识别特征与同理心之间的相关性.方法 对36名符合《美国精神障碍诊断和统计手册第4版（修订版）》诊断标准的ASD和35例年龄、性别及智商匹配的正常儿童对照组（TD）使用格里菲斯同理心测验父母版评定两组儿童的同理心能力,并使用人脸面部表情识别任务测试情绪识别能力.选取中国面孔表情图片系统中认同度及强度较高的50张图片作为刺激材料,运用E-prime 2.0软件呈现任务.结果 ASD儿童识别高兴、中性与其余三种情绪正确率差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,具体为高兴（0.79±0.25）＞恐惧（0.49±0.32）＞愤怒（0.47±0.36）＞悲伤（0.45±0.26）＞中性（0.38±0.38）;ASD儿童对悲伤、高兴和中性三种情绪识别的正确率低于TD组（P＜0.05）,具体为悲伤[ASD组（0.45±0.26） ＜TD组（0.71±0.22）,P=0.00]、中性[ASD组（0.38±0.38） ＜TD组（0.85±0.25）,P=0.00]、高兴[ASD组（0.79±0.25） ＜TD组（0.92±0.16）,P=0.01];ASD组儿童的GEM-PR总分、情感分量表分均低于TD组（P＜0.05）;ASD儿童识别恐惧、中性情绪识别正确率与年龄存在显著相关,除恐惧外,其他四种情绪识别正确率均与智商呈正相关（P＜0.05）.ASD组儿童识别高兴情绪正确率与同理心均分呈负相关（r=-0.5,P=0.012）;情绪识别正确率与认知均分回归显著（t=0.318,R2=0.266,P=0.006）.结论 ASD儿童识别悲伤和中性情绪的能力较低,且其同理心能力的认知和情感两个维度均较正常儿童为差,ASD儿童情绪面孔的识别能力可以正向预测其同理心的认知能力.Objective To explore the correlation of the characteristics of facial emotion recognition and empathy,and analyze the characteristics of facial emotion recognition with autism spectrum disorder children.Methods Griffith empathy measure parent ratings（GEM-PR） was used to assess the ability of empathy in two groups which included 36 children who met American Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental disorders 4th edition （revised） （DSM-Ⅳ-TR） diagnostic criteria for ASD and 35 normal children （TD） as control group who matched age,sex and IQ,and the human facial expression recognition task was used to test emotion recognition capabilities.Higher intensity of 50 pictures of the Chinese face emoticon system were selected as stimulus material.Eprime 2.0 software was used to render tasks.Results There was significant difference happy and neutral among the five facial expression discrimination with ASD children （P〈0.05）,and happy（0.79±0.25） 〉fear（0.49±0.32） 〉angry（0.47±0.36） 〉sad（0.45±0.26） 〉 neutral（0.38±0.38）.The accuracy of three emotions of sadness,neutral and happy in ASD children was significantly lower than TD （P〈 0.05）,and sad （ASD group （0.45 ± 0.26） 〈TD group （0.71±0.22）,P=0.00）,neutral（ASD group（0.38±0.38） 〈TD group（0.85±0.25）,P=0.00）,happy（ASD group （0.79 ± 0.25） 〈TD group （0.92 ± 0.16）,P =0.01）.The GEM scores,cognitive,behavior and emotional subscale of ASD children were significantly lower than TD（P〈0.05）.There was significant correlation between the recognition accuracy of fear and neutral emotion and age in ASD children.There was positive correlation between the recognition accuracy of the four kinds of emotions and intelligence in ASD children （P〈0.05）.There was negative correlation between the accuracy of the happy emotions and the average of GEM-PR in ASD children （r=-0.5,P=0.012）;and the average of cognitive empathy and the accuracy of emotional recognition sharing regression

关 键 词：孤独谱系障碍 基本情绪 情绪面孔识别 同理心 

分 类 号：R749.94[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]