论末端释放训练及其在竞技体育中的应用  

Application of Ballistic Training in Competitive Sports

作　　者：王锋[1] 李成梁[2] 王新雷[3] 孙萍[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京体育大学,北京100084 [2]沈阳体育学院,辽宁沈阳110102 [3]中北大学,山西太原030051

出　　处：《体育科学》2015年第4期82-90,共9页China Sport Science

摘　　要：采用文献资料调研、专家访谈对末端释放训练产生的背景、特点、作用、机制和相关的训练因素等进行研究,旨在对这种训练方法进行深层认识。研究认为,末端释放训练具有全程加速、在动作末端将负重释放、更加符合专项化的特点;神经肌肉方面的适应性改变对末端释放训练的机制有重要的影响,如神经的激活、运动单位的放电频率、高阈值运动单位的优先募集、肌肉间协调的优化等;末端释放训练的负荷强度尚不明确,要根据运动项目特征、运动员力量水平和训练经验来确定最佳的负荷强度。末端释放训练应结合其他力量或爆发力训练方法来全面发展力量素质;现代化的末端释放训练器械并结合爆发力和速度反馈系统能够保证训练的安全和效率。By using the methods of literature review and expert interview, this paper analyzed the background, features, function, mechanism, and some related factors in ballistic training in order to make comprehensive understanding on this type of training. The result showed that ballistic training had some features like releasing the weight with full speed at the end of move- ment and in line with the special characteristics. The adaptation changes of neuromuscular had significant influence on the mechanism of this training. For example, neural activation, firing of motor unit, the priority recruitment of high threshold motor unit, and the optimizing of inter- muscular coordination, etc. The intensity of ballistic training has been unclear. So we can choose the optimal training intensity according to the features of sport, the strength level and training experience of athletes. To develop the overall strength fitness, we can use other strength or explosive training methods combined with ballistic training. Using the modern bal- listic training equipment and feedback system for power and velocity can ensure the safety and efficiency of the training.

关 键 词：末端释放训练 爆发力训练 力量训练 

分 类 号：G808.1[文化科学—体育训练]