宫颈癌的流行病学现状和预防  

Epidemiology and prevention of cervical cancer

作　　者：乔友林[1] 赵宇倩[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京协和医学院,中国医学科学院肿瘤医院,100021

出　　处：《中华妇幼临床医学杂志（电子版）》2015年第2期1-6,共6页Chinese Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics(Electronic Edition)

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAI02A15);世界卫生组织国际癌症研究署宫颈癌预防研究(#RC/06/025246;SCR/11/03)~~

摘　　要：宫颈癌是世界范围内常见的女性恶性肿瘤之一,发病率及其导致的患者死亡率在全世界范围内呈现明显的地域、人群等差异。在全世界范围内,宫颈癌的综合防控受到高度重视。目前,预防宫颈癌的最有效措施包括一级预防和二级预防。注射人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)疫苗以预防HPV感染的一级预防已应用于全世界多个国家。开展针对适龄妇女的人群宫颈癌筛查,进行宫颈癌及其癌前病变的早期诊断和治疗,可有效降低宫颈癌的发病率及其导致的患者死亡率。通过制定适宜于各国的宫颈癌综合防治策略,并有效地应用于目标人群,宫颈癌有望成为人类通过综合防控战胜的第一个恶性肿瘤。Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers among women worldwide. The distribution of the disease burden of cervical cancer is uneven in different regions and populations. The comprehensive prevention of cervical cancer has been taken as a seriously issue worldwide. Nowadays, the most effective ways to prevent cervical cancer include primary and secondary preventions. Many countries have approved human papillomavirus （HPV） vaccines to prevent HPV infection as primary prevention. Early detection and diagnosis of cervical cancer and precancerous lesions through population based on screening programs of women in appropriate age group has been proved to be effective in reducing incidence and mortality rates. By establishing comprehensive prevention strategies according to different conditions in each country, and applying it to target population, cervical cancer is hopefully to be the first human malignancy tumors defeated by overall prevention and practice.

关 键 词：肿瘤 子宫颈 流行病学因素 癌前状态 乳头状瘤病毒感染 疫苗 病毒体 筛查 

分 类 号：R737.33[医药卫生—肿瘤]