不同风险决策行为新兵的人格特征  

Personality traits of recruits with different risky decision making behavior

作　　者：周宏奎[1] 陈海燕[1] 李红政[1] 雷美英[1] 王创[1,2] 王周然 

机构地区：[1]解放军第303医院全军心理卫生指导中心,530021 [2]广西医科大学 [3]桂林医学院

出　　处：《神经疾病与精神卫生》2015年第2期140-143,共4页Journal of Neuroscience and Mental Health

基　　金：全军“十二五”医药卫生科研重大项目（AWS13J003）;军队心理卫生应用性科研课题计划（12XLZ204）;全军医学科学技术“十二五”计划课题（CWS11J278）

摘　　要：目的：探讨在正、负信息框架下新兵的风险决策行为，了解不同决策行为新兵的人格特征。方法运用随机整群抽样法抽取南方某部1764名秋季入伍男性新兵，采用自编新兵训练风险决策问卷、新兵积极心理品质评估问卷（PMCS －R）、艾森克人格问卷（EPQ）和Zuckerman－Kuhlman人格量表（ZKPQ）对其进行问卷调查。结果在正、负信息框架下，分别有63．5％和76．9％的新兵选择风险寻求，差异具有统计学意义（χ^2＝75．52，P＜0．01）；在正面信息框架下，风险规避组新兵的智慧、仁爱、节制、超越和PMCS －R总分高于风险寻求组，精神质、冲动和感觉寻求得分低于风险寻求组（P ＜0．05）；在负面信息框架下，风险规避组新兵的智慧和正义得分低于风险寻求组（P ＜0．05）；积极心理品质与内外倾向和掩饰度呈正相关，与精神质、神经质和冲动得分呈负相关（P＜0．05）。结论负面信息框架下新兵更倾向于选择风险寻求；正面信息框架下倾向于选择风险规避新兵的积极心理品质水平高，精神质、冲动和感觉寻求水平低，负面信息框架下倾向于选择风险寻求的新兵的积极心理品质水平高。Objective To explore the risky decision behavior of Chinese recruits and the personality traits of who have different decision behavior .Methods A sample of 1764 male recruits was assessed with self -designed decision making scale ,Positive Mental Characters Scale for Recruits （PMCS -R） , Eysenck Personality Questionnaire （EPQ ） ,and Zuckerman -Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire （ZK‐PQ ） by random cluster sampling .Results 63 .5% and 76 .9% recruits chose risky option in positive and negative information framings ,respectively ,with statistical significance （χ^2 = 75 .52 ,P〈 0 .05） .In positive information framings ,recruits who chose safe option showed higher scores in wisdom ,humanity , temperance ,transcendence ,the total score of PMCS -R and lower scores in psychoticism ,impulsivity and sensation seeking than the recruits who chose risky option （P〈 0 .05） .In negative information framings ,recruits who chose safe option showed lower scores in wisdom and justice （P 〈 0 .05）;positive mental characters were positively associated with introversion-extroversion and lie ,and negatively associated with psychoticism ,nervousness and impulsivity （P〈 0 .05） .Conclusions Recruits in negative information framings are more likely to choose risky option;recruits who choose safe option in positive information framings show high levels of positive mental characters and low levels of psychoticism ,impulsivity and sensation seeking ;recruits who choose risky option in negative information framings show high levels of positive mental characters .

关 键 词：风险决策 框架效应 积极心理品质 冲动 感觉寻求 

分 类 号：R197.1[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]