“都”在东汉有没有语气副词的用法?  

Is dou(都) a modal adverb in the Eastern Han Dynasty?

作　　者：谷峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]南开大学文学院

出　　处：《中国语文》2015年第3期230-239,287-288,共10页Studies of the Chinese Language

基　　金：南开大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(编号NKZXB1249);教育部人文社科研究青年基金项目(批准号14YJC740025)资助

摘　　要：一般认为"都"的演变路径是:名词"城邑"义→动词"聚集"义→全称量化副词→加强语气副词。有些学者认为副词"都"演变方向是:语气>量化,理由是东汉语料里"都"有语气用法,它的出现早于量化用法,汉魏六朝时期副词"都"的语气用法占多数,量化用法占少数。然而本文核查了以往研究中常引的例句,发现这些被认为是语气副词的"都"其实是量化副词。东汉的43种语料中"都"没有语气用法。语法史研究应该借助分布搭配、前后文、异文、异译、梵汉对勘等多种资料复原古人遣词造句的用意,不能凭现代人的语感臆断。The evolutional path of dou(都) is commonly described as '' big city'(n.) >' gather'(v.) >' all'(universal quantifier) >'definitely,absolutely'(modal adverb)'.But some researches recently claim that dou already functions as a modal adverb in the Eastern Han dynasty,and assume the evolutional path is ' ' definitely,absolutely' >' all' '.Based on detailed analysis of all the examples of dou in the Eastern Han texts(including 30 Chinese Buddhist scriptures and 13 literature written by Chinese authors),this paper argues that dou in the Eastern Han period is still a universal quantifier instead of a modal adverb.

关 键 词：“都” 东汉 量化 语气 

分 类 号：H141[语言文字—汉语]