水生植物去除重金属机制及生理响应研究综述  

Review of Studies on the Mechanism of Removing Heavy Metals by Aquatic Plants and the Physiological Response of Plants

作　　者：乔旭[1,2] 王沛芳[1,2] 郑莎莎[1,2] 雷阳[1,2] 包子云[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]河海大学浅水湖泊综合治理与资源开发教育部重点实验室,南京210098 [2]河海大学环境学院,南京210098

出　　处：《长江科学院院报》2015年第5期15-20,共6页Journal of Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute

基　　金：国家重大基础"973"研究项目(2010CB429006);国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2012ZX07101-008)

摘　　要：重金属是水环境中的典型污染物,存在着潜在的生态风险。利用水生植物去除重金属的处理方法具有高效、环保、经济等特点,成为当前研究的热点领域。阐述了植物对重金属的去除机制主要有植物吸收、根际微生物活动、植物根系微环境作用及植物富集,综述了植物在重金属胁迫下发生的生理响应,包括植物生长、细胞结构、酶活性等方面的生理变化。并讨论分析了p H、温度、底泥性质等对水生植物去除重金属过程的影响。同时,提出了植物去除重金属及响应机理方面还需深入研究的几个问题。Heavy metal is a typical pollutant in aquatic ecosystem.The ions of heavy metals enter food chain resul-ting in healthy risks.Phytoremediation is emerging as the most potential technique of removing heavy metals due to its low expense and high efficiency.Toxic metals can inhibit plants growth,destroy the cell structure of plants ,re-duce enzyme activity and affect respiration and photosynthesis of plants.But the aquatic plants also suffer from heavy metal pollution to some degrees.The mechanism of removing heavy metals by aquatic plants is simply sum-marized from four aspects in this paper：phyto uptake,bioaccumulation and activities of rhizosphere microorganisms and removal by root system.Furthermore,factors affecting the removal efficiency are analysed,including pH,tem-perature,and soil characteristics.The study provides an overall theoretical basis for alleviating metal pollutions by using aquatic plants.Meanwhile,the prospects and several problems of the removal mechanism and the response of plants are presented.

关 键 词：水生植物 重金属 去除机理 生态环境 生理响应 

分 类 号：X173[环境科学与工程—环境科学]