论张载本体论之得失及王夫之对其的发展  

Research on Zhang Zai's Ontology and the Development Made by Wang Fuzhi

作　　者：赵中国[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京中医药大学人文学院,北京100029

出　　处：《河南大学学报（社会科学版）》2015年第3期44-51,共8页Journal of Henan University(Social Sciences）

基　　金：国家社科基金后期项目"宋元明清易学史视野下的先天学研究"(14FZX032)阶段性成果;北京市青年英才计划"<周易>核心概念与命题的诠释史研究"(YETP0809)阶段性成果

摘　　要：儒学视野中完全意义的本体应当具有存在根据义、物质基础义、运化之能义以及价值义等四种内涵。存在根据义说明万物何以如此存在,物质基础义说明万物由何构成,运化之能义说明万物何以生生不息,价值义说明万物何以和谐、人类何以性善。在此视角下考察张载和王夫之气学视域下的本体论,可发现二者的差异和发展:张载本体论以太虚为逻辑起点,以太虚(神)—阴阳—万物等三个环节为宇宙本体的流行过程;王夫之本体论以太和为逻辑起点,以太和(健顺)—阴阳—万物等三个环节为宇宙本体的流行过程。张载的太虚本体具有显明的价值义,于物质基础义间接通过气概念来体现,但却于存在根据义语焉不详,于运化之能义虽通过神来体现,但神概念在其哲学体系中也有模糊之处,故张载本体论有得有失。而王夫之在继承张载气学的前提下通过创新性诠释,对于以上两个问题都有有效解决。所以,王夫之为气学之集大成者,乃实至名归。In the view of Confucianism, ontology should have four connotations： the meaning of existence basis, the meaning of material basis, the meaning of ability of movement, the meaning of values. The meaning of existence basis explains why the world exists as the present pattern. The meaning of material basis explains what constitutes the world. The meaning of ability of movement explains the continuous development of the world. The meaning of values explains why the world shows a state of harmony and why human is born well. From the perspective of these four connotations, we will find differences between Zhang Zai＇ s ontology and Wang Fuzhi＇ s ontology. In Zhang Zai＇ s theory, the taixu is the logic starting point and the ＂taixu yinyang-- the world＂is the changing process of the noumenon. But in Wang Fuzhi＇ s theory, the taihe is the logic starting point and the ＇2aihe yinyang the world＂is the changing process of the noumenon. In addition, the success of Zhang Zai＇ s theory is that taixu has the meaning of values and the concept of qi can reflect the meaning of material basis, but the failures of Zhang Zai＇ s theory is that he mentioned the meaning of existence basis but vaguely and the concept of shen can reflect the meaning of ability of movement but the concept of shen has unclear meaning. In terms of Wang Fuzhi＇ s theory, he developed Zhang Zai＇ s theory on the basis of inheriting it and solved two drawbacks of Zhang Zai＇ s theory. So Wang Fuzhi is a master of the school of qi.

关 键 词：张载 王夫之 本体论 太虚 太和 气学 

分 类 号：B244.4[哲学宗教—中国哲学] B249.2