明清时期天花病例的流行特征——以墓志铭文献为中心的考察  

Study on Epidemic Characteristics of Smallpox in Ming and Qing Dynasties Based on the Epitaphs

作　　者：刘思媛[1,2] 曹树基[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学科学史与科学文化研究院 [2]上海交通大学历史系,上海200240

出　　处：《河南大学学报（社会科学版）》2015年第3期65-70,共6页Journal of Henan University(Social Sciences）

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目"传染病对中国历史的冲击与影响综合研究"(11&ZD184)阶段性成果

摘　　要：明清文集所收录墓志铭等悼念性文献中有相当数量关于天花病例的记述,为认识明清时期天花的流行提供了一类相对丰富又具系统性的病例资料。通过对发病时间、地点、年龄等的统计分析,明清时期天花病例有冬、春两季发病率高及患者多为十岁以下儿童之流行特征。天花在家庭内的传播,典型地反映了民间天花防疫措施的局限性。There were a certain amount of accounts about smallpox eases in biographical literature that was included in the epitaph collections of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, which provides a relatively rich and systematic data for understanding the prevalence of smallpox during that time. This paper integrates and analyzes the data, including time, location, age, closely related to smallpox epidemic, which are got from the biographical literature, mainly on epidemics, and improve the knowledge about epidemic characteristics of smallpox in China during Ming and Qing Dynasties. There was a high incidence in winter and spring and most of the patients are children under ten years old. In the analysis of epidemic characteristics of smallpox, the limitations of the health and epidemic prevention measures during the Ming and Qing Dynasties also can be clarified.

关 键 词：明清时期 墓志铭 天花 流行病学 

分 类 号：R2-09[医药卫生—中医学]