淀粉的均相酯化反应研究进展  

Research progress of homogeneous esterification of starch

作　　者：林梅莹[1] 尚小琴[1,2] 刘汝锋[1,2] 仙丹华 黄伯伟 陈晓东[1] 

机构地区：[1]广州大学化学化工学院,广东广州510006 [2]广州大学精细化工研究所,广东广州510006

出　　处：《化工进展》2015年第5期1406-1411,1426,共7页Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(21146011);广东省自然科学基金(9151008901000169);广州市科技支撑项目(2009Z1-E531);广东省科技计划项目(2013B010403030)

摘　　要：淀粉酯因具有热塑性、成膜性、热稳定性等优点而被广泛应用于食品、造纸和废水处理等领域,但传统方法合成的产品存在酯化效率不高或取代度较低等问题。本文介绍了淀粉在二甲亚砜(DMSO),N,N-二甲基乙酰胺/氯化锂(DMA/Li Cl)和离子液体(ILs)3种溶剂体系中均相酯化反应的研究进展,重点论述了不同溶剂介质中催化剂、反应温度、酯化剂浓度等对淀粉酯取代度的影响,简述了均相体系中长链脂肪酸酯和琥珀酸酯产物的结构特点及热力学特性,分析表明均相反应是淀粉酯化反应的有效改性方法;并从改性效果、经济性及环保等方面讨论了各种溶剂的优缺点,指出离子液体、无机熔盐等淀粉均相反应介质的研究是淀粉改性反应研究的发展方向。As an important kind of starch derivatives,starch esters have attracted much attention with the intensive need of renewable resources due to their good thermoplasticity and thermostability. However,because of its semi-crystalline structure,starch is insoluble in water and most organic solvents,which has limited broader application of starch esterification with low esterification and low degree of substitution. Nevertheless, several kinds of solvents for starch have been used as homogeneous systems for starch modification. In this review,development of modified starch in the homogeneous systems in the recent 30 years is summarized and 49 references are cited. Research progress of starch esters in dimethyl sufoxide（DMSO）,Li Cl/N,N-dimethylacetamide（DMA/Li Cl）,and ionic liquids（ILs） is presented. The influence of catalyst,reaction temperature and concentration of esterifying agent on degree of substitution is discussed. Structure and thermodynamic properties of starch derivatives show superiority of homogeneous systems by comparing with natural starch or heterogeneous products. Finally,some problems that need urgent solution and future development of starch homogeneous esterification modifications are suggested.

关 键 词：淀粉 二甲亚砜 N N-二甲基乙酰胺/氯化锂 离子液体 均相反应 

分 类 号：TQ630.43[化学工程—精细化工]