大肠癌筛查现况与展望  

Colorectal cancer screening： situation and prospect

作　　者：郭春光[1] 刘骞[1] 代敏[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国医学科学院肿瘤医院肿瘤研究所腹部外科,北京100021 [2]中国医学科学院肿瘤医院肿瘤研究所国家癌症中心城市癌症早诊早治项目办公室

出　　处：《中华预防医学杂志》2015年第5期377-380,共4页Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine

基　　金：国家重大医改专项、国家重大公共卫生服务项目：城市癌症早诊早治项目

摘　　要：大肠癌已经成为我国第4大恶性肿瘤，发病率呈逐年上升趋势。大肠腺瘤是大肠癌最主要的癌前疾病，通常需要数年时间发生恶性转变。积极开展无症状人群筛查，发现癌前病变及早期癌症患者，是降低大肠癌发病率，提高生存率的关键。当前，粪便隐血试验和乙状结肠镜检查是最常采用的大肠癌筛查手段，研究显示，两者都能够降低大肠癌死亡率。结肠镜的筛查价值尚待高级别的循证医学证据。我国大肠癌筛查工作始于20世纪70年代，获得了大量具有中国人群特点的大肠癌筛查经验。以此为基础，建立起中国大肠癌诊疗共识为规范性实施癌症筛查提供了理论指导。Colorectal cancer （CRC） is the fourth most common cause of cancer death in China and the incidence has been increasing during the decades. It is reported to take decades for adenoma to transform to carcinoma, which is known as the main CRC pre-cancer lesion. It is important to carry out mass screening in the average risk populations to find the pre-cancer lesion and early cancer, which was the key approach to improve CRC survival. Fecal occult blood test and flexible sigmoidoscopy are the two CRC screening methods, which have been shown to reduce CRC mortality. It still needs to be confirmed in random clinical trials that the value of colonoscopy in CRC screening. In China, the most CRC screening experience was drawn from the works in Zhejiang province in 1970s. Consequently, the Chinese CRC treatment and guideline was founded to provide standard for the CRC screening project.

关 键 词：结直肠肿瘤 乙状结肠镜检查 筛查 粪便隐血试验 结肠镜检查 

分 类 号：R735.34[医药卫生—肿瘤]