城市公共自行车系统的运作实践分析与政策取向探讨  

Discussion on the Efficiency and Policy Orientation of Public Bicycle Sharing System in China

作　　者：张艳[1] 赵民[2] 

机构地区：[1]深圳大学建筑与城市规划学院 [2]同济大学建筑与城市规划学院高密度人居环境生态与节能教育部重点实验室

出　　处：《上海城市规划》2014年第6期117-123,共7页Shanghai Urban Planning Review

基　　金：国家自然科学青年基金资助项目(编号:51008268);住房和城乡建设部软科学研究项目(2012-K5-8)

摘　　要：基于对深圳蛇口公共自行车系统的深入调研,结合对杭州、上海、武汉等地公共自行车系统的比较研究,概括当前城市公共自行车系统运作实践的共性特征,评估、解释其政策绩效,进而探讨相应的公共政策取向。研究发现:城市公共自行车的引入具有积极的意义,为部分居民的出行带来了方便,并倡导了绿色出行,宣示了低碳理念;但公共自行车系统的使用需求尚比较有限,迄今的实际作用并不大,且需要持续的公共财力扶持。鉴于公共自行车系统本质上是一项有着明确政策目标的运作实践,研究认为:在权衡是否要引入公共自行车项目及评估其建设后的运作绩效时,需要围绕原本的"绿色、低碳"政策目标,并充分考量公共资源的投入和产出效果;建设城市公共自行车系统的根本目标是"营销"一种理念,其作为公共政策的取向在于承认和重视自行车交通在城市交通中的重要地位。This paper analyzes the characteristics and efifciency of Public Bicycle Sharing System（PBSS） based on the survey of Shekou PBSS in Shenzhen and the comparison of PBSS in other cities such as Hangzhou, Shanghai, and Wuhan. This research indicates that, although PBSS has brought more convenience and encouraged more “green travel”, the efifciency of PBSS is not satisfactory, because the demand for PBSS is limited while the operation of PBSS needs continuous public ifnancial support. It is argued that the essence of developing PBSS is to market the concept of green and low-carbon development, which means an overal cost beneift analysis is needed when making decisions and evaluating their performance. Therefore the policy orientation should re-recognize and reconsider the important role of bicycle travel rather than emphasizing the importance of developing PBSS.

关 键 词：公共自行车系统 绿色低碳 政策取向 

分 类 号：U491.17[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理] U491.225[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]