美国非法证据排除规则的实践及对我国的启示  

Operation of Exclusionary Rule in U.S.and Its Enlightenment to China

作　　者：熊秋红[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院法学研究所

出　　处：《政法论坛》2015年第3期142-154,共13页Tribune of Political Science and Law

摘　　要：2014年9月,由3名刑诉法学者和4名辩护律师组成的中国代表团赴美国就非法证据排除规则的实践运作进行了专题考察。考察所获信息包括宪法和判例所起的作用、法官的独立性、预防和减少警察违法取证的措施、辩护律师启动非法证据排除程序的动力与方式、法律援助制度的地位、检察官的监督和过滤作用、非法证据排除的类型和重点以及科技发展所带来的挑战等诸多方面。美国的实践经验带给我们的有益启示主要包括:重视宪法规范的引领作用;实现警察、检察官、法官、律师之间的良性互动;明确合法证据与非法证据的界限;充分认识法官行使自由裁量权的重要性;构建完善的非法证据排除程序;健全非法证据排除的证明机制;以发展的眼光看待非法证据排除规则;正确看待非法证据排除率及对诉讼结果的影响。In September 2014, Chinese delegation, constituted of 3 criminal procedure law scholars and 4 defense lawyers, made a field trip to U. S to investigate into the operation of exclusionary rule. The information gained by this delegation include the role of Constitution and case law, the independent character of judges, measures adopted for preventing and reducing police misconduct when obtaining evidences, the motive of the defense lawyers for initiating suppress hearings and possible ways, the status of legal aid, the monitoring and filtering effects of the prosecutor＇ s participation, the categories and the focus of the exclusionary rule, the challenges raised by the development of technology and etc.. The lessons we can learn from the American counterpart include： draw attention to the leading role of the Constitution; maintain positive interactions be- tween the police officials, prosecutors, judges and lawyers; draw a fine line between the legal evidence and illegal evidence ; realize the importance of using judge＇ s discretion in excluding evidence ; construct reasonable suppress hearing procedure; improve the evidential mechanisms of exclusionary rule; take a dialectic view on the exclusionary rule in long terms ; and properly evaluate the rate of the excluding and the its effect on the re- sult of the litigation.

关 键 词：非法证据排除规则 刑事司法体制 排除程序 证明机制 

分 类 号：D925.2[政治法律—诉讼法学]