从美国国家公园的建立过程看国家公园的国家性——以大提顿国家公园为例  

Discussion on State Dominance from the Aspect of the Establishing Process of American National Park: Taking the Grand Teton National Park as An Example

作　　者：陈耀华[1] 张帆[1] 李斐然[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学城市与环境学院

出　　处：《中国园林》2015年第2期19-22,共4页Chinese Landscape Architecture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(编号41171431)资助

摘　　要：各国国家公园的建立和发展都经历了艰难的过程。详细回顾了美国大提顿国家公园曲折的建立过程中各方利益的博弈以及对公园的影响,并从中总结出国家公园"国家性"的2个重要特征,即国家整体利益至上,同时兼顾公众合理利益。这对中国国家公园制度的建设具有很好的启示,即国家公园的设立必须由国家自上而下为主,而建设过程中又必须充分协调各方利益。同时,各利益相关方对国家公园不能仅仅是索取,更应该有支持、参与和责任。The establishment and development of national parks of different countries all experienced a difficult process. In the circuitous establishment of Grand Teton National Park, the gaming of each parties＇ interests and their impacts were reviewed in this paper, mad two important characters of state dominance of national park, that is, national interests first and public interests balanced, were summarized. It has a very good enlightenment to the national park system construction of China. The establishment of national parks must be top-down primarily by the state. Also full coordination of all parties＇ interests must be taken in the process of construction. Besides, the stakeholders cannot only demand, but support, participate in and have responsibility to the national parks.

关 键 词：风景园林 国家公园 建立过程 国家性 大提顿 利益博弈 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]