“水”的喻象与中医人体血气经脉构想  

Image of water as a metaphor and the construction of the TCM theory of Xueqi through meridians in human body

作　　者：王慧娟[1] 张其成[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京中医药大学,北京100029

出　　处：《中华中医药杂志》2015年第5期1589-1592,共4页China Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)(No.2011CB505402)~~

摘　　要：中医关于人体血气经脉的构想与"水"的喻象密切相关。水的太过和不及会为灾,水土气通才能生物,川谷导气通高下才可泉源不竭、生物不息,水的动静化生又依天时寒暖而有节律变化,这些认识的产生源于古人悠久的农业生产和治水实践。这些实践认识影响到中医关于人体血气经脉的构想:血之生化的本原和动力在气,血气流布于身,如水之川渠分泻,亦需经络孙脉分流导气;血气之生化,如川谷之气通天地,亦需三焦水道交通上下而生化不息;血气之运行,如水动依时,亦有营卫之行应四时而周流不息;血气为病,如水患之害,亦有补、泻、决渎防其枯竭、满溢与壅塞。水的喻象为中医的科学认识提供了最初的思维模型,这种类比模型在"气"一元论的基本假设下具有独特的因果论证效力。The construction of the TCM theory of Xueqi through meridians in human body is closely connected with the image of water as a metaphor. It will be harmful to farm if the water is too much or too little. The internal power of water and soil to make plants grow is attributed to qi. Qi need be induced by valley and river unimpededly, which promises water inexhaustible and productive. The motion and change of water is influenced by the rhythm of seasons and climates. These experiences were achieved in the practice of the ancients＇ agriculture and water conservancy, which had some important effects on the thinking style of TCM about blood in human body. Meridians and collaterals supply ways for Xueqi just like the flow of water in rivers or channels. Sanjian mastered the way of water make the generation of Xueqi endless just like the circumfluence of water by valley and river. Yinqi and Weiqi moves and changes in according to the same rhythm as water influenced by time. The diseases made by Xueqi can be treated by supplying the lack, reducing the excess or making unobstructed just like the ways people cope with the disaster of water. The image of water as a metaphor supplies an important thinking model for TCM. This kind of analogy has a special rationality and validity of causal demonstration on the basic assumption that all things in universe are made by qi.

关 键 词：水 经脉 喻象 血气 川谷导气 

分 类 号：R223[医药卫生—中医基础理论]