机床热误差建模研究综述  

Review on Thermal Error Modeling of Machine tools

作　　者：王海同[1] 李铁民[1] 王立平[1] 李逢春[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学机械工程系,北京100084

出　　处：《机械工程学报》2015年第9期119-128,共10页Journal of Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国家科技重大专项资助项目(2013ZX04013-011)

摘　　要：机床热误差的产生不可避免,热误差在机床的总误差源中又占有较大比重。如何合理地对机床热误差进行建模,并以此为基础实现热误差的避免与补偿十分关键。在过去三十年里,众多国内外学者针对热误差的建模方法进行了探究,基于建模方法的不同可分为两类:经验热误差建模方法与理论热误差建模方法。经验热误差建模方法主要应用于机床热误差的补偿,基于对统计学模型的参数辨识实现热误差的预测。理论热误差建模方法主要用于机床热误差的避免,基于传热关系及力与位移的约束建立方程,并通过微分方程的数值求解得到热变形。以这两种机床热误差的建模方法为脉络进行展开,分别探讨了两类建模方法国内外的研究现状,并分析了各模型的优缺点,并对未来的研究趋势进行了展望。The thermal error of a machine tool is inevitable, and it holds a great proportion in the total error of the CNC. Modeling an accurate thermal error which could be used to forecast and compensate the unexpected error is of great importance. During the last thirty years, many researchers focused on the research of the modeling of the thermal error. And there are two general schools, namely the empirical-based and the principle-based. The empirical-based models are malnly used in the compensation of thermal error, and the models are established based on the statistical analysis. The principle-based models are used for the avoidance of thermal error, and the model is built according the equations of heat transfer, force and displacement constralnt. The equations are solved by numerical methods. Based on the two directions, the research status in this area is discussed. The advantages and disadvantages are summarized and future research prospects are concluded.

关 键 词：机床 热误差 温度预测 热漂移 

分 类 号：TG156[金属学及工艺—热处理]