陶寺遗址石制品复制实验与磨制工艺  

Replication Experiments on Lithic Products from the Taosi Site Including Analysis of Production Techniques for Ground Stone Tools

作　　者：翟少冬 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院考古研究所,北京100710

出　　处：《人类学学报》2015年第2期192-201,共10页Acta Anthropologica Sinica

基　　金：人社部留学人员科技活动择优资助项目"中原地区的磨制石器生产与中国早期城市化进程";国家科技支撑计划"中华文明探源及其相关文物保护技术研究(2013-2015)"(2013BAK08B00)子课题"中华文明形成过程中资源;技术与生业研究"(2013BAK08B03);国家自然科学基金青年项目"陶寺遗址的石器生产技术和石料资源利用:中国早期城市出现的经济支撑"(41402160)

摘　　要：本文主要介绍了陶寺遗址石制品复制实验的目的、方法、过程和结果,其中,过程部分主要介绍了磨制石器的复制。结果部分主要是通过实验考察了陶寺遗址磨制石器生产所需的几种工艺,以及这些工艺的操作所需的工具、时间等因素。文章认为,陶寺遗址磨制石器的制作过程简单,一般只需打片和磨两个步骤。磨比较简单易操作,只是比较耗费时间;而打片相对于打制石器来讲,要简单很多。因此,陶寺遗址磨制石器的制作工艺总体来讲比较简单易操作。This paper introduces the purpose, methods, processes and results of experimental replication of stone tools from the Taosi site. Before the experiment, a few requirements were needed in order to make the experimental results fit as closely to the original situation. First, raw materials used in the experiment were collected around Taosi. Second, the methods used in the experiment conformed to the hypothesized social development level. Third, the experiment used standard lithics procedures. Fourth, the experimental process was recorded in detail, including size and weight of the material before and after each step. The production level in this experiment was regarded as the lowest among craftsmen of the Taosi culture because the flintknapper in thisexperiment had no experience in producing stone tools. The experiment replicated 10 ground stone tools, including one knife, one axe, four adzes, three wedges and one chisel. Although the experiment also produced six spear-shaped blanks and three decorations, this paper focuses on replicated ground stone tools. In the experiment, each tool was replicated according to the following procedure： raw material and shape selection; flaking; pecking; grinding; drilling; polishing＂. During the experiment, various techniques were considered, including time cost during the process; tools required for each technique; and shape result from using each technique. The experiment showed that the procedures to make ground stone tools were easy but time consuming because the inexperienced flintknapper in this experiment could succeed in making all the ground stone tools. We noted that not every technique was required in each replication due to raw materials shape and characteristics, and the shape of the target tool form. We conclude that the techniques for making ground stone tools were simple and easy to operate

关 键 词：陶寺遗址 复制实验 磨制石器 制作工艺 

分 类 号：K871.11[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]