UNEA对MEAs影响与中国对策  

UNEA's Influence on MEAs and China's Countermeasures

作　　者：王志芳[1] 张海滨[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学国际关系学院,北京100871

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2015年第5期162-169,共8页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：财政部课题"未来国际气候制度构建中的气候变化资金问题研究"(编号:1214096)

摘　　要：本文针对联合国环境大会(UNEA)的成立及其首次会议的召开,从全球环境治理的角度,分析UNEA对多边环境协定(MEAs)所产生的影响,并结合中国参与MEAs的现状以及可能受到的影响,提出中国在参与UNEA有关MEAs的全球环境治理行动中的对策。本文采用层次分析方法,围绕MEAs这一全球环境治理的关键领域,以MEAs建立、审核、实施等运行的关键过程为分析要素,首先从国际层面展开影响分析,并结合中国国情,将相关结论延伸到国内层面的分析中,最终提出中国的对策。在国际层面,针对MEAs的建立、审核、实施等全过程受到UNEA的影响进行分析,得出UNEA的成立和运行"加强了世界银行(WB)、联合国开发计划署(UNDP)在全球环境基金(GEF)项目审批中的作用,削弱了MEAs的独立性"、"确立了联合国环境规划署(UNEP)的法律权威,为全球范围整合MEAs资源做法理铺垫"、"推动UNEP开展化学品领域MEAs的协调,开启MEAs全球资源整合的尝试"、"加强了联合国专业机构的作用,影响MEAs运行全过程"等结论。并作出"UNEA在不打破现有MEAs运行机制的前提下,强化了UNEP在目前以MEAs为主体的全球环境治理中的作用"的判断;在国内层面,对应国际层面的分析结论,研究UNEA所引起的中国参与MEAs的利弊,得出"如若忽略经济发展指标的影响因素,WB与UNDP介入GEF项目审批程序后的MEAs的运行机制,对中国继续申请国际援助项目、深入参与全球环境治理,相比以往有更多利好"、"UNEP在化学品综合协调和治理方面的尝试,也是中国对目前国内多领域环境问题交叉出现所需要积累的经验,对中国解决环境资源短缺与可持续发展矛盾是有益的尝试"的结论。最后,结合中国国内参与全球环境治理的需求,并考虑到UNEA针对GEF资金申请提出的资格审核指标中,有将GDP等总量指标有纳入的风险,本文最终提出中国的参与对策:积极参与MEAs治�From the global environmental governance perspective and about the establishment and the first running of United Nations Environmental Assembly （ UNEA ） , the article researched on the influences of UNEA on Multilateral Environmental Agreements （ MEAs） , and raised Chinese countermeasures on taking part in MEAs ’ activities of global environmental governance under the decision of UNEA. Using the Analytical Hierarchy Process, the article centered on MEAs, and chose MEAs’ establishment, review, implementation processes as key analysis elements. The study began with the analysis of international influences. Then considering the relevant results and national situation, final countermeasures were proposed for China. At international level, through researching on the overall processes （ including establishment, review and implementation） of MEAs on influence from UNEA, the conclusions are achieved：①strengthening the effects of World Bank（WB） and United Nations Development Programme （UNDP） on GEF projects review process,weakening the individuality of MEAs; ②confirming the legal authority of UNEP on global environmental governance, laying legal foundation for UNEP for integration of MEAs’ resources;③improving UNEP’s coordination capacity for chemical areas’ MEAs, starting the try of resources integration of MEAs globally;④enhancing the function of the United States’ programme / special agency on MEAs, expanding the influences to the overall running processes of MEAs. At the same time a clear judgment is found：UNEA is enhancing the UNEP’s function on global environmental governance through influencing on MEAs, which are main platform of global environmental governance. At national aspects, corresponding to the above conclusions and judgment, the research results are as follows： ①China may gain better conditions for applying environmental protection grants, participating deeply in global environmental governance, after WB and UNDP involving in the process of project review,

关 键 词：联合国环境大会( UNEA) 多边环境协定( MEAs) 影响 对策 

分 类 号：X22[环境科学与工程—环境科学]