敌草快对成熟期油菜脱水和种子质量的影响  

Effect of diquat on dehydration of ripening rapeseed and seed quality

作　　者：乔醒 程勇[1,2] 陆光远[1] 徐劲松[1] 赵永国[1,2] 王立辉 张学昆[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院油料作物研究所,农业部油料作物生物学与遗传育种重点实验室,湖北武汉430062 [2]武汉中油阳光时代种业科技有限公司,湖北武汉430062

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2015年第2期240-245,共6页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：国家863计划(2011AA10A104);湖北省农业科技创新中心(2011-620-005-03);湖北省油菜产业技术体系;农业科技成果转化资金项目(2012GB23260538)

摘　　要：为适应机械化收获对种子成熟的要求,研究化学催熟剂敌草快对油菜角果脱水和种子质量的影响,选用甘蓝型油菜品种阳光2009在油菜成熟期进行田间喷施敌草快试验,测定菜籽含水量、发芽率、千粒重、品质和敌草快残留。结果表明:于油菜角果黄熟期主花序角果转色时用1.8L/hm2的敌草快水剂喷施处理6d,与自然成熟(喷施等量清水)的对照组和人工割晒组相比,油菜脱水效果显著,角果和籽粒含水量分别为7.8%和10.49%;与对照组相比,角果和籽粒含水量分别下降52.66%和24.84%。该浓度处理下对油菜发芽率、千粒重及品质均未产生显著影响,其中发芽率达99%,贮藏2周的油菜种子中敌草快残留量为0.13mg/kg,符合中国和英国的安全标准;贮藏3周未检测到敌草快残留。建议加快敌草快在油菜催枯用途方面的农药登记,推进我国油菜全程机械化技术的应用。To facilitate machinery harvesting of rapeseed, herbicide diquat was used as chemical ripener in field. The effects on dehydration and seed quality （including germination rate, thousand -seed weight, protein, fatty acids and diquat residues） were investigated using a Brassica napus cv Yangguang 2009 during mature season. Results showed that, compared to control （ natural mature after water spray） and hand harvesting （ swarfing）, pods and seeds were remarkably dehydrated at 6d after 1.8 L/hm^2 diquat treatment when the pods color on main inflorescence changed at ripening stage. The moisture level of pod and seed were 7.8% and 10.49% respectively, which were significantly declined by 52.66% and 24.84% respectively than that of control. The treated seeds germination rate, thousand - seed weight and quality had no significant change. Diquat residue in seed was 0.13mg/kg after 2 weeks in storage from harvesting, pass both Chinese and British testing standards. No residue was found alter 3 weeks in storage from harvesting. In conclusion, it is necessary to promote diquat herbicide registration as ripener on rapeseed.

关 键 词：甘蓝型油菜 化学催熟剂 敌草快 脱水 发芽率 千粒重 品质 残留 

分 类 号：S482.4[农业科学—农药学]