我国饭店业地区运行效率评价与提升途径  

China's Regional Hotel Industry: Efficiencies and Promotion

作　　者：杨振山[1] 夏岚[1,2] 钟林生[1] 胡瑞山[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,区域可持续发展分析与模拟实验室,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《旅游学刊》2015年第5期31-44,共14页Tourism Tribune

基　　金：中国科学院人才计划;中国科学院青年创新促进研究会(2014042)资助~~

摘　　要：饭店业与地区社会经济状况和自然环境有着密切的关系,因此立足于区域实际情况对饭店运行效率做出评价具有重要意义。文章从饭店自身投入与建设水平、旅游地吸引力和目的地接待和服务能力以及水平3个方面分析了饭店业与地区发展耦合机制,并相应地运用数据包络方法(data envelopment analysis,DEA)和超效率DEA对我国31个省区2012年饭店业运行效率进行了评价,超效率DEA解决了最优评价单元排序问题。结果表明,当前饭店自身投入主要影响饭店技术效率,而旅游地吸引力和目的地接待和服务能力则会影响饭店运营的规模效率和综合效率。对很多省区来说,协调饭店业与其他行业部门之间的发展关系比饭店自身管理和投入更为普遍和重要。在投入方面,人员投入是影响饭店业运营效率进一步提高的主要因素。另外,有些省份面临饭店业规模报酬递减问题,需要慎重考虑地区的饭店业建设规模。The performance of the hotel industry is closely related to local socio-economic conditions and thc surrounding natural environment; however, these elements are largely ignored in academia and practice. Based on a mechanism that couples the hospitality industry and regional development, this article assesses the performance efficiency of the regional hotel industry from three aspects： revenues, average room rates and occupancy. The explanatory variables include the investment and construction in the local area that indicate its quality as a destination. Further variables that reflect the destinations＇ reception and service capacities include tourism attractions, business environment, tourist shopping attractions, information and transportation conditions, tourism professionalism level, information and promotion level, local amenities, and transportation accessibility. Empirically, Data Envelopment Analysis （DEA） and super-efficiency DEA models are applied to evaluate the efficiency of the hotel industry in 31 provinces in China's Mainland in 2012. The super-efficiency DEA model facilitates the construction of a performance ranking for the evaluated regions. The results show that 19 of 31 mainland Chinese provinces have efficiently developed their hotel industry, mainly in economically developed regions including Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Guangdong, in tourism provinces such as Hainan, Sichuan, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Guizhou, and in some less developed regions including Qinghai, Gansu, Xinjiang and Tibet. Shanghai, Tibet, Hainan, Beijing and Qinghai attain the highest scores under the super-efficiency DEA model. A hotel＇ s technological efficiency is mainly affected by its internal investments; however, its operating scale efficiency and overall efficiency are influenced by the surrounding tourism attractions and by the destination＇s reception and service capacities. This reflects that a specific hotel could ＇technically＇ enhance its performance by increasing its investment in construction an

关 键 词：饭店业 运行效率 数据包络方法 超效率 省区 

分 类 号：F719[经济管理—产业经济]