差别暴露、差别职业和差别体验 中国城乡居民环境关心差异的实证分析  

Differential-Exposure,Differential-Occupation,and Differential-Experience:An Empirical Analysis on Differences in Chinese Urban-Rural Residents' Environmental Concern

作　　者：范叶超[1] 洪大用[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学社会学系 [2]中国人民大学环境社会学研究所

出　　处：《社会》2015年第3期141-167,共27页Chinese Journal of Sociology

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地项目(13JJD840006)的支持~~

摘　　要：本文利用2010年中国综合社会调查数据,比较分析了城乡居民的环境关心差异:城乡居民在看待环境问题的方式上存在一种相似且连贯的心态体系;城乡居民的环境关心水平存在显著差异,城市居民在诸多方面都较乡村居民表现出更多的环境关心;国外关于"居住地假设"的三种理论,只有"差别暴露理论"可以解释一部分城乡差异,其余两种理论均没有得到数据的有效支持;环境知识和媒体使用在城乡居民环境关心差异形成过程中具有重要的中介作用;城乡居民的环境关心差异在趋于缩减,并开始走向同构。Using Data from 2010 China General Social Survey, this paper presents a comparative analysis on the urban-rural differences in environmental concern in China's Mainland. Firstly, it could be concluded from the literature review that the Residence Hypothesis-that urban residents are more environmentally concerned than the rural-had once been extensively supported in the western countries, and there are mainly three theoretical explanations for this hypothesis： differential-exposure theory, differential-occupation theory, and differential-experience theory. Secondly, the measurement model for Chinese residents＇ environmental concern consists of five facets-New Ecological Paradigm （NEP）, the degree of attention paid to environmental issues, the assessment of environmental hazards, the willingness to pay for environmental protection, and daily environmental behaviors- and 21 indicators in total; the results of second-order confirmatory factor analysis indicate that both urban and rural residents share a coherent belief system in perceiving environmental issues. Thirdly, the results of ANOVA analysis indicate that there are indeed significant differences in the level of urban-rural residents＇ environmental concern, with urban residents show more environmental concern in many aspects. Fourthly, the results of Structural Equation Modeling indicate that only differential-exposure theory can explain a part of urban-rural differences while the other two are not supported by data~ besides, environmental knowledge and media use display significant mediating effects on the formation of the gap between the urban and the rural residents. Last but not the least, it is inappropriate or limited to apply the theories rooted in western societies to explain the urban-rural differences in China's Mainland ; furthermore, judging from both the existing studies and the variation trend in the long term, the urban-rural differences in environmental concern are definitely being convergent and will finally go to the isomorphism.

关 键 词：环境关心 城乡差异 环境知识 媒体使用 

分 类 号：X24[环境科学与工程—环境科学] C91[经济管理]