不同秸秆还田处理对麦玉两熟制作物产量及氮素利用的影响  

Effects of different straw returning treatments on crop yield and nitrogen use of winter wheat-summer maize cropping system

作　　者：李仟[1,2] 关小康[1] 杨明达[1] 王同朝[1] 刘春堂 白田田[1] 张鹏钰 卫丽[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学农学院,河南郑州450002 [2]河南农业大学国家小麦工程技术研究中心,河南郑州450002 [3]河南省浚县丰黎种业有限公司,河南鹤壁456250

出　　处：《河南农业大学学报》2015年第2期171-176,共6页Journal of Henan Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31471452);"十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD14B08;2012BAD04B07)

摘　　要：采用大田试验,设置秸秆还田＋常规施肥（T1）、秸秆还田＋有机肥（T2）、秸秆还田＋HM（菌种）还田剂（T3）和秸秆还田不施肥（对照,T0）4个处理,探讨不同秸秆还田处理对氮素利用和麦玉两熟作物产量的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,秸秆还田配施不同肥料或还田剂使冬小麦和夏玉米产量分别提高了37.7%～57.2%,33.0%～41.4%,其中T2和T3处理的增产效果更为显著。T3处理冬小麦的千粒重显著低于T2处理,但两者其他产量构成要素、产量及生物量的差异均不显著。与单施化肥（T1）相比,秸秆还田配施腐熟剂（T3）或有机肥（T2）处理氮素收获指数、氮肥生理利用率和氮肥偏生产力在冬小麦季分别提高了1.0%～2.3%,8.2%～24.3%,8.3%～14.2%;在夏玉米季则分别提高了2.6%～3.3%,22.2%～39.0%,4.9%～5.1%。对周年氮素平衡来说,对照处理表现为氮素亏缺,T1,T2和T3处理均表现为氮素盈余;且同一氮素水平下,T3和T2处理比T1处理氮输出量分别增加了11.4%,14.7%。T3处理在秸秆还田配施肥料的基础上可以达到T2处理同样的增产效果;T3和T2处理可以明显提高作物氮素利用效果;从周年氮素平衡角度来说,在秸秆全量还田的基础上可以减少氮肥的施用量。A field experiment has been conducted to illustrate the yield and nitrogen use of winter wheat-summer maize cropping system. Four treatments were applied,namely fully straw returned with conventional fertilization（ T1）,fully straw returned with organic fertilizer（ T2）,straw returned with HM straw-decomposing inoculant,（ T3） and straw returned without fertilizer as control（ T0）. The results showed that the yield of winter wheat and summer maize under T1,T2,T3 was 37. 7% ～ 57. 2%and 33. 0% ～ 41. 4% higher than that of T0 respectively. The 1 000-grain weight of winter wheat underT3 treatment was lower than under T2 treatment,while there were no differences observed in other yield components,yield and biomass. Nitrogen harvest index,nitrogen physiological use efficiency and nitrogen partial productivity under T3 and T2 treatment increased by 1. 0% ～ 2. 3%,8. 2% ～ 24. 3%and 8. 3% ～ 14. 2% respectively in winter wheat and 2. 6% ～ 3. 3%,22. 2% ～ 39. 0% and 4. 9% ～5. 1% respectively in summer maize. Nitrogen was deficit under T0 treatment,while it was sufficient under T1,T2 and T3 treatments in terms of annual nitrogen balance. Nitrogen output under T3 and T2 treatment increased by 11. 4%,14. 7% than T1 with the same nitrogen input level. It is concluded that fully straw returned with organic fertilizer or straw-decomposing inoculant could achieve the same effect on increa-sing crop yield and improving nitrogen efficiency. Under fully straw returned cropping system of Henan Province,nitrogen application should be decreased as consideration of annual nitrogen balance.

关 键 词：秸秆还田 有机肥 腐熟剂 产量 氮素利用效率 氮平衡 

分 类 号：S314[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]