四种杀虫剂在糙皮侧耳生产中安全使用的研究  

Residue Levels in Pleurotus ostreatus Mushrooms Following Application of Four Pesticides to Fruit Bodies and the Cultivation Substrate

作　　者：黄泽铭[1,2] 江玉姬[2,3] 何世行 傅梅萍 蔡溢洋 高陈玲 谢宝贵[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学生命科学学院,福建福州350002 [2]福建农林大学菌物研究中心,福建福州350002 [3]福建农林大学食品科学学院,福建福州350002

出　　处：《食用菌学报》2015年第1期73-78,共6页Acta Edulis Fungi

基　　金：国家支撑计划项目(2013bad16b03)的部分研究内容

摘　　要：采用拌料处理和出菇阶段喷施两种方式,研究联苯菊酯、甲氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯和溴氰菊酯四种菊酯类农药对糙皮侧耳（Pleurotus ostreatus）子实体生长的影响,并对其残留情况进行分析。结果表明：拌料栽培时,试验范围内（1~4mL/kg）四种菊酯类农药均未超出食品安全限量和绿色食品标准;出菇阶段喷施,联苯菊酯、甲氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯的半衰期分别为14.15、8.89、18.24、14.44h,在子实体中降解都较快。菌筒刚开袋时喷施这四种农药,子实体能够正常生长,且施药后7d仅甲氰菊酯在45mL/667m2施药剂量下有少量残留3.4μg/kg,其余均无农药残留;在子实体菌盖直径约2~3cm时喷施这四种农药,施药后3d,虽然子实体中农药残留量没有超过食品安全限量和绿色食品标准,但会对子实体造成药害。Residue levels detected in Pleurotus ostreatus fruit bodies cultivated on substrates treated separately with varying concentrations of four pesticides （1～4 mL/kg dry weight） were shown to be lower than the National Food Safety Limits and the Green Food Standards. Bifenthrin, fenpropathrin, cypermethrin and deltamethrin applied directly to mushroom fruit bodies were rapidly decomposed with half-life values of 14.15, 8.89, 18.24 and 14.44 h, respectively. Mushrooms grew normally when treatments were applied to the cultivation bags at the time of bag opening before the appearance of fruit bodies （period between application and harvest= 7 d）, and residual pesticide （3.4 μg/kg） was detected only with 45 mL/667 m2 applications of 20% fenpropathrin. However, fruit bodies were heavily deformed when pesticides were applied following the formation of mushrooms with pilei 2～3 cm in diameter （period between application and harvest = 3 d）, although residue levels in the fruit bodies still did not exceed the National Food Safety Limits and the Green Food Standards.

关 键 词：糙皮侧耳 杀虫剂 农药残留 培养料 子实体 

分 类 号：S436.46[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]