古蔺牛皮茶树种质资源性状初步研究  

A Preliminary Study on Characters for the Germplasm Resources of C. sinensis cv. gulin- niupicha

作　　者：谢文钢[1] 唐茜[1] 刘绍杰[1] 黄福涛[1] 颜麟沣 蒋慧倩[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学园艺学院,雅安625014

出　　处：《植物遗传资源学报》2015年第3期512-519,共8页Journal of Plant Genetic Resources

基　　金：四川省科技支撑计划项目(2014NZ0105)

摘　　要：为开展四川重要茶树种质资源古蔺牛皮茶种质资源的收集、保存与评价工作,在古蔺牛皮茶树资源中选取了具代表性的8种不同类型茶树(Ⅰ~Ⅷ类)作为研究对象,并对其植物学特征、生物学特性及主要生化成分进行了观测。结果表明:供试茶树在形态特征、遗传和品质性状等方面,表现出较丰富的多样性。其种群多为灌木,树姿半开张状;芽叶绿色,茸毛中等,叶为椭圆形,叶尖渐尖;花多为中花型,花柱3~4裂;果实多为球形和肾形,种子多为球形,主要表现出栽培型茶树性状。古蔺牛皮茶春梢的生化成分含量较丰富,其茶多酚含量为(19.71±0.39)%^(30.16±0.22)%,游离氨基酸总量为(2.20±0.11)%^(4.88±0.12)%,咖啡碱含量为(3.45±0.17)%^(4.41±0.09)%。结合主要生化成分含量、酚/氨值和儿茶素组分等可推论,Ⅴ、Ⅵ类适制红茶,其他类型则适制绿茶。综合供试茶树的形态和生化成分含量特征,初步鉴定供试的牛皮茶树分属茶组植物分类系统中的秃房茶和茶,Ⅴ和Ⅵ类茶树较为原始,其他类型则进化程度较高。供试茶树中存在具育种价值的资源,其中Ⅴ类和Ⅵ类可作为高儿茶素含量的育种材料,Ⅱ类可作为选育优质绿茶品种的育种材料。In order to carry out the collection,conservation and evaluation of the germplasm resources of C.sinensis cv. gulin-niupicha,8 representative tea plants（ Class-Ⅰ to Class-Ⅷ） were selected. We observed and determined their botanical features,biological characteristics and biochemical composition. The results showed that those accessions had the rich diversity in morphological characters,genetic and quality traits. Most tea plants belonged to shrub with semi-erect tree pose,had green shoots with moderate pubescence,elliptic leaves with its apex acuminate,middle sized flower with style of 3-4 cracks,spherical and reniform fruit with spherical seed. Most of them showed cultivated tea characters. Different types of the tea plants were rich of biochemical compositions in the spring,polyphenol content arranged at（ 19. 71 ± 0. 39） % -（ 30. 16 ± 0. 22） %,free amino acids arranged at（ 2. 20 ±0. 11） % -（ 4. 88 ± 0. 12） %,caffeine content arranged at（ 3. 45 ± 0. 17） % -（ 4. 41 ± 0. 09） %. According to the contents of major biochemical components and polyphenol / amino acids ratio and catechin components etc,it can be deduced that Class-Ⅴ and Class-Ⅵ were appropriate system of black tea,other classes were suitable for green tea.It was preliminarily concluded that they belonged to C. gymnogyna Chang and C. sinensis var. sinensis in classification systems respectively by the morphological and biochemical composition characteristics of tea plant,Class-Ⅴand Class-Ⅵ were more original,while other classes had relatively high evoulution levels. There were some resources with breeding value in the germplasm resources of C. sinensis cv. gulin-niupicha. Class-Ⅴ and Class-Ⅵwere preliminary determined as resources of high catechins and high ester catechins. Class-II was determined asbreeding material selection of high quality green tea varieties.

关 键 词：古蔺牛皮茶 种质资源 性状特征 

分 类 号：S571.1[农业科学—茶叶生产加工]