论司马迁分列《秦本纪》和《秦始皇本纪》的思想  

On Sima Qian's Thought in Seperatly Writing Qin Ji and Qin Shihuang Ji

作　　者：张强[1] 

机构地区：[1]淮阴师范学院文学院,江苏淮安223300

出　　处：《山西大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2015年第3期85-90,共6页Journal of Shanxi University(Philosophy and Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社科基金重大招标课题"中外史记文学研究资料整理与研究"(13&ZD111)

摘　　要："本纪"叙述帝王政迹,以时间上的延展叙述改朝换代的历史。《秦本纪》有世家叙述结构的倾向,与《吴太伯世家》、《齐太公世家》等处于同一叙述层面。如以《夏本纪》、《殷本纪》、《周本纪》的结构方式叙述的话,司马迁应该把《秦本纪》、《秦始皇本纪》合为一篇才符合体例。将《秦本纪》列入"本纪"与司马迁关注社会变革的过程息息相关,与探讨秦统一六国建立大一统帝国和走向强盛的历史原因相关。将秦史拆分《秦本纪》和《秦始皇本纪》两篇,表明司马迁关心秦史的程度超过夏商周三代。司马迁一反撰写三代"本纪"的原则,同时写《秦本纪》和《秦始皇本纪》,是通过秦王朝短命的历史重点探讨兴盛与衰败的道理,是为了更好地突出社会进程中发生的剧变。＂Chronicles＂ narrated imperial political track and described the change of dynasties history with time extension. Qin Ji had narrative structure tendency of Family, so it should be at the same narrative plane with Wu Taibo Family and Jiang Taigong Family. If narrating in the structural way of Xia Ji, Yin Ji and Zhou Ji, Sima Qian could achieve a unified style by merging Qin Shihuang Ji into Qin Ji. Qin Ji was included in Chronicles, which was closely related to Sima Qian＇ s concern for social change. Sima Qian inquired into historical reasons that the united empire had been founded and become powerful and prosperous after uniting the Six Countries. Sima Qian focused on the rising process of Qin people by the method of ＂primitive exploration＂, and the separate chapter of Qin Ji strengthened the thought. The history of Qin had been split into two articles, Qin Ji and Qin Shihuang Ji, which means that Sima Qian cared about Qin history far more than the Three Generations. Sima Qian didn＇ t adopt the writing approach of Three Generations＇ Chronicles, but wrote Qin Ji and Qin Shihuang Ji. His aim was to discuss the reasons of prosperity and decline by writing the short -lived history of Qin Dynasty and to better highlight the upheaval in the social process.

关 键 词：司马迁的文史思想 史记 秦本纪 秦始皇本纪 通变观 

分 类 号：K092[历史地理—历史学]