模拟降雨条件下坡地径流泥沙特征研究  

Study on Characteristics of Losses of Runoff and Sediment in Slope Land Under Simulated Rainfall

作　　者：刘泉[1,2,3] 李鹏[4] 李占斌[4,2] 陈磊[5] 周坪 

机构地区：[1]绵阳师范学院,四川绵阳621000 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [3]中国科学院成都山地灾害与环境研究所,成都610041 [4]西安理工大学,西安710048 [5]长安大学,西安710064 [6]勉县水利局,陕西勉县724200

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2015年第3期1-5,共5页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目“黄土高原生态建设的生态-水文过程响应机理研究”(41330858);国家科技支撑计划课题“农田水土保持工程与耕作关键技术研究”(2011BAD31B01);绵阳师范学院青年资助项目“坡耕地水土流失过程中养分输移机理研究”(2013B09);绵阳师范学院博士科研启动项目“嘉陵江中游典型小流域水沙-养分(N,P)淋失机理研究”(QD2014A002)

摘　　要：基于野外原位模拟降雨试验,研究桥子沟流域裸地、撂荒地、草地、林地4种土地利用类型的径流和泥沙流失分别对90,120mm/h两种雨强的响应特征。结果表明:雨强90,120mm/h条件下,4种土地利用类型中林地径流量最少,撂荒地产流量最大,约为林地径流量的7倍;产流量顺序为:撂荒地>裸地>草地>林地;产沙量顺序为:裸地>撂荒地>草地>林地;坡面累积径流量和累积产沙量随产流时间呈线性规律变化趋势,径流(产沙)系数表现为撂荒地>裸地>草地>林地。坡面累积产沙量对累积径流量响应呈现幂函数变化规律,而且随着累积径流量增大,累积产沙量递增速率显著增大。The response characteristics of runoff and sediment losses in bare land, abandoned land, grassland and wood land in Qiaozigou Watershed were investigated based on two different simulated rainfall intensities which were 90 mm/h and 120 mm/h, respectively. The results were as follows： The amount of cumulative runoff yield was the least in wood land and the maximum amount occurred in bare land which was 7 times of the former. The amount of cumulative sediment yield decreased in the sequence of abandoned land^bare land 〉grass land〉wood land, and the amount of cumulative sediment yield decreased in the order of bare land〉 abandoned land〉grass land〉wood land. With the increase of runoff duration in the rainfall process, the amount of cumulative runoff yield and the amount of cumulative sediment yield showed the linear relationship with yield duration of runoff and sediment, respectively. Both runoff coefficient and the sediment coefficient decreased in the order of abandoned land〉bare land〉grass land〉wood land. In four land use types, the response of amount of cumulative sediment yield to cumulative runoff yield could be described by the power function. Moreover, with the increase of amount of cumulative runoff in the rainfall process, the gradient of the cumulative sediment yield increased dramatically.

关 键 词：模拟降雨 累积径流量 累积产沙量 土地利用类型 响应 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]