水伦理价值观的分歧与重构  

Divergence and Reconstruction of Water Ethical Values

作　　者：曹顺仙[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学江苏环境与发展研究中心

出　　处：《南京林业大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2015年第1期57-68,共12页Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Humanities and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：江苏省社会科学基金重点项目(09ZXA001);江苏省社会科学基金重大项目(13ZD005);国家林业局科技司林业软科学研究项目(2014-R10);江苏省2013年度研究生教育教学改革研究与实践课题(JGLX13_045)

摘　　要：当代中国水伦理价值观经历了从人类中心主义到非人类中心主义、从价值一元到多元的转变,形成了人类中心主义与非人类中心主义水伦理价值观的分歧与对立。双方相互驳诘、各执一端,彼此之间的交锋和对立多于交融与认同,这一方面使人们对水伦理学的身份感到困惑,并对水伦理学的合法性提出了质疑;另一方面又无法在实践层面回应中国水问题的现实需求。因此,如何整合水伦理价值观就成为水伦理研究的重要理论课题。然而,在整合价值观研究中,中国学者提出并论证了三种具有代表性的整合价值论,即"像河流那样思考"的进化价值论、人河互为尺度的水伦理价值观以及"以人为本"的水伦理价值观。这三种价值论都试图融合人类中心主义和非人类中心主义的水伦理价值观,但由于它们既没有在理论上真正厘清人类中心主义和非人类中心主义各执一端的认识论根源,又缺乏统一的理论基础和方法论原则,于是,在整合中又形成了新的价值论分歧。这种新的价值分歧使水伦理学的合法性依然面临严峻挑战。对此,我们以为,消解水伦理学的合法性质疑,并使水伦理学摆脱价值论困境的路径是:重构并培育"以人为本"、人水和谐的价值观。这种价值观以人的全面发展为最高目标,包含三个理论基点:唯物辩证的本体论、"以人为本"人水和谐的价值论以及"像水一样思考"的方法论。它通过提出并坚持本体论与价值论、整体论与层创进化论、永续发展与有限发展、以人为本与人水和谐的辩证统一,追求人为本即以自然为本、自然为本即是人为本的合规律合目的的境界,进而消解了人类中心论与非人类中心论的价值对立,并成为当代水伦理学的合法性基础。After the transformation from anthropocentrism to non-anthropocentrism and from value monism to value pluralism, water ethical values in modern China have undergone the divergence and opposition between anthropocentric water ethical values and non-anthropocentric ones. Clashes appear much more than agreements between the two sides. Consequently, on the one hand, many people feel confused about the identity of water ethics and doubt its legitimacy; on the other hand, water ethics cannot solve practically the water problems in China. Therefore, how to reconstruct the water ethical values has become a significant theoretical subject. On account of the divergence of values, Chinese scholars proposed and verified three representative reconstruction value theories, namely, the evolution value theory of ＂thinking like a river＂, the water ethical values that hold human and rivers are mutual measurements, and the ＂people- oriented＂ water ethical values. All of them attempt to combine anthropocentric water ethical values with non-anthropocentric ones, only to find new axiology divergence because they not only fail to theoretically clarify the epistemological origin of the clashes between the two, but also lack unified theoretical foundations and methodological principles. The new divergence challenges the legitimacy of water ethics. To further dispel the doubts about the legitimacy of water ethics and free it from the axiology plight, we must reconstruct and cultivate ＂people-oriented＂ values with an emphasis on the harmony between human and water. Aimed at the all-around development of human, the values contain three theoretical principles： materialistic and dialectical ontology, ＂people-oriented＂ axiology that advocates the harmony between human and water, and the methodology of ＂thinking like water＂. The values feature the dialectical unity of ontology and axiology, holism and emergent evolution, sustainable development and limited development, as well as people-orientation and human- water harmony

关 键 词：水伦理 价值观 层创进化 二重性 以人为本 

分 类 号：B82-058[哲学宗教—伦理学]