江西省某铀矿工人周围血淋巴细胞染色体畸变分析  

Analysis on chromosome aberration in peripheral blood lymphocytes among workers in a uranium mine of Jiangxi province

作　　者：李小亮[1] 吕玉民 韩林 阮健磊[1] 陈以水 孙全富[1] 刘建香[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心辐射防护与核安全医学所辐射防护与核应急中国疾病预防控制中心重点实验室,北京100088 [2]河南省职业病防治研究院,河南郑州450052 [3]江西省职业病防治研究院,江西南昌330006

出　　处：《中国职业医学》2015年第2期163-166,共4页China Occupational Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31100606);卫生行业科研专项(201002009)

摘　　要：目的了解铀矿工人周围血淋巴细胞染色体畸变情况。方法采用整群随机抽样方法,选择江西省某铀矿98名铀矿工人为矿工组,48名接受放射工作人员培训但还未上岗的人员或行政工作人员为对照组,采集2组人员肘静脉血,采用培养开始加秋水仙素法培养50 h后收获细胞,常规方法制片,吉姆萨染液染色,显微镜下分析染色体畸变。结果矿工组染色体总畸变率为2.70%,对照组为2.49%,2组比较差异无统计学意义(Z=0.74,P=0.459)。矿工组"双着丝粒体+着丝粒环"(以下简称"双+环")率为(0.25±0.05)%,对照组为(0.12±0.05)%。调整性别、年龄、工龄、吸烟和饮酒等因素后进行负二项回归分析,矿工组"双+环"率为对照组的5.76倍(Z=2.28,P=0.023)。结论铀矿工人的周围血淋巴细胞染色体非稳定性畸变水平较高,需要加强铀矿工人的职业性放射性疾病危害防治工作。Objective To analyze the chromosome aberration of peripheral blood lymphocytes among uranium workers. Methods According to cluster sampling totally 98 workers from a uranium mine in Jiangxi province were randomly selected as the miner group. A total of 48 new employees who had received radiation pre-job training before going on duty or executive staff were selected as the control group. Their venous blood samples were collected. After 50 hours of cultivation by using colchicines at the beginning of cultivation method, blood cells were harvested and made into slides according to the conventional method. The slides were stained with Giemsa and chromosome aberrations were analyzed with microscope. Results The total aberration rate was 2. 70% in the miner group and was 2.49% in the control group. There was no statistical significant difference between the two groups （ Z = 0. 74, P = 0. 459）. The rate of ＂dicentric and centric ring＂ （＂dic ＋ r＂ ） was （ 0. 25 ± 0.05 ） % in the miner group while （ 0. 12 ± 0.05 ） % in the control group. A negative binominal regression analysis was performed after adjusting the factors of gender, age, length of service, smoking and alcohol drinking. The ＂die ＋ r＂ rate in the miner group was 5.76 times as much as that in the control group （ Z = 2. 28, P =0. 023 ）. Conclusion The unstable chromosome aberration level in peripheral blood lymphocytes among uranium miners was found to be high. The prevention and control measures for occupational radiation disease among the uranium miners should be strengthened.

关 键 词：铀矿工 淋巴细胞 染色体畸变 负二项回归 

分 类 号：R146[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学] X591[环境科学与工程—环境工程]