赣江下游典型蔬菜地地表径流的氮磷流失特征  

Nitrogen and phosphorus losses characteristics of surface runoff in typical vegetable field of Ganjiang River estuary area

作　　者：向速林[1,2] 王逢武 聂发辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]华东交通大学环境工程系,南昌330013 [2]南昌大学鄱阳湖环境与资源利用教育部重点实验室,南昌330047

出　　处：《生态科学》2015年第2期111-115,共5页Ecological Science

基　　金：南昌大学鄱阳湖环境与资源利用教育部重点实验室开放基金;江西省自然科学基金项目(20114BAB213020)

摘　　要：在赣江下游代表性蔬菜地设置径流小区,研究常规施肥条件下蔬菜地生态系统地表径流中氮、磷的流失状况。结果表明,在连续多次监测期内,自然降雨条件下常规施肥蔬菜地地表径流总氮平均浓度为10.32 mg·L–1,总磷平均浓度为4.71 mg·L–1,硝态氮与溶解性正磷酸盐是该区域蔬菜地降雨径流中氮、磷的主要存在形态,故而地表径流流入至附近水体存在富营养化的风险。此外,蔬菜地降雨径流中氮、磷流失量与降雨量呈极显著的正相关关系。研究表明,施肥和降雨量是影响地表径流氮、磷流失的主要因素,针对赣江下游蔬菜地氮、磷流失特点需制定相应的氮、磷流失的防治措施。The nutrient losses characteristics of surface runoff in field conditions and conventional fertilization were investigated through setting runoff plots in vegetable ecosystem in Ganjiang River estuary area. The results showed that total nitrogen and total phosphorus concentration were 10.32 and 4.71 mg.L-1, respectively, in the period from April 2011 to August 2011, which indicated that surface runoff into the water would result in water entrophication. The results also suggested that soluble nitrate nitrogen and orthophosphate were the main forms of surface runoff in the vegetable system. Nitrogen and phosphorus losses of surface runoff were highly correlated with the precipitation during the period. Studies have shown that fertilizer and runoff discharge were the two main factors influencing nitrogen and phosphorus losses; the amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus losses were improved by fertilization, and also increased with the increasing of runoff amount. We should make corresponding prevention measures of nitrogen and phosphorus loss for different land utilization patterns.

关 键 词：蔬菜地 地表径流 流失 

分 类 号：X144[环境科学与工程—环境科学]