祁连山大野口小流域生态系统水文调节服务的尺度特征  

Scales of Hydrological Regulation Service of Dayekou Watershed Eco-system in the Qilian Mountains

作　　者：孙飞翔[1,2] 吕一河[1] 胡健[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,北京100085 [2]环境保护部环境与经济政策研究中心,北京100029

出　　处：《生态与农村环境学报》2015年第3期273-279,共7页Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2012BAC08B01)

摘　　要：生态水文服务是生态系统服务的主要内容之一,在上游山地生态系统主要为通过植被-土壤复合体实现的水文调节服务。通过在祁连山中段北坡大野口小流域的监测及对2002—2010年间降水/径流的统计和相关分析发现,山地生态系统通过水文调节将不连续的大气降水转化成连续、相对稳定的径流,显著调节了径流的时间和空间分布。在次降雨和连续降雨期尺度上水文调节主要影响样地的降水-植被-土壤水的响应关系,在流域尺度上则影响大气降水-径流的关系。通过降水/径流比值在月、年尺度上的统计和相关分析发现,植被在生长季对流域径流量存在影响,但并没有影响到小流域大气降水-径流产流变化的年内总体趋势;植被生长对径流的影响可以在年际间反映出来。通过对2002—2010年植被指数(叶面积、净初级生产力和植被覆盖度)与"蓝水"、"绿水"占总降水量的比例的线性回归分析及相关分析发现,植被指数的提高与"蓝水"的减少和"绿水"的增加有一定的关联性。根据该研究结论,对祁连山区生态系统水文服务的评价应综合考虑上游生态维持与中、下游农牧业以及整个祁连山地区经济社会的协调发展,应客观认识上游山地生态系统"绿水"贮存与中、下游"蓝水"需求之间的矛盾关系。Eco.hydrological service is a main component of ecosystem services. In the upper reaches, mountain eco.system hydrological regulation service is realized through vegetation.soil complex. It was found through monitoring and sta.tistic/ correlation analysis of precipitations/ runoffs during 2002-2010 in the Dayekou watershed in the northern slope of themid.section of the Qilian Mountains that the mountain eco.system could turn intermittent precipitations into continuous andrelatively stable runoffs through hydrological regulation, thus significantly regulating spatio.temporal distribution of the run.offs. On the time scale of a single rainfall event and continuous raining period, the regulation mainly affects the responserelationship of precipitation.vegetation.soil water in the sample site, while on the catchment scale it does the relationshipbetween precipitation and runoff. The statistic and correlation analysis of precipitation/ runoff ratio on monthly and yearlyscales reveals that vegetation during its growing period has some impacts on runoff of the watershed, but has little on theannual general trend of precipitation.runoff generation in the watershed. The impact of growing vegetation on runoff is re.flected in variation of runoff between years. Linear regression statistics and correlation analysis of vegetation indices （leafarea, net primary productivity and vegetation coverage） of 2002-2010 with “blue water” “green water” ratio in precipita.tion indicates that the increase in vegetation indices is somewhat related to the decrease in “blue water” and the increasein “green water”. According to the conclusion of this study, evaluation of eco.system hydrological services in the QilianMountains should take into overall account harmonious development of ecological maintenance in the upper reaches streamsand agriculture/ animal husbandry in the middle and lower reaches, and the economic and social development of the wholeQilian mountain region as well, and it is essential to recognize objectiv

关 键 词：生态系统 水文调节 尺度 祁连山 

分 类 号：X143[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X171.1