芝麻繁育特性研究Ⅱ:异花传粉媒介的确定  

Study on Breeding Characteristics of Sesamum indicum L. Ⅱ: Ascertain of Cross-Pollination Vectors

作　　者：孙建[1] 魏星[2] 乐美旺[1] 周红英[1] 饶月亮[1] 颜廷献[1] 颜小文[1] 

机构地区：[1]江西省农业科学院作物研究所,江西南昌330200 [2]华中农业大学生命科学技术学院,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《作物杂志》2015年第3期36-40,共5页Crops

基　　金：国家芝麻产业技术体系建设项目(CARS-15-1-04);江西省农业科学院科技创新团队建设基金

摘　　要：通过人为控制昆虫的活动,对芝麻传粉媒介及其访花行为进行了研究和观察。结果显示,芝麻是自交结实率较高的作物,在没有虫媒的情况下,相对结实率达90.26%;风媒对芝麻异株传粉基本没有作用;小型昆虫有利于芝麻同株或同花传粉,可以提高芝麻相对结实率1.87%,但对异株传粉基本不起作用;大型昆虫对芝麻异株传粉起着极其重要的作用,在自身没有花粉的情况下,昆虫异花传粉可以使芝麻相对结实率高达43.70%;昆虫是芝麻传粉、特别是异花或异株传粉的主要媒介。芝麻传粉昆虫主要以蜜蜂、切叶蜂等为主,访花高峰主要集中在10∶00-13∶30,年份间存在一定差异。The pollination vectors and pollinating insect foraging behaviors of sesame were investigated by means of artificial control insect activity. The results showed ： Sesame had a high self-cross seed setting rate with relative seed setting rate of 90.26% without insect vector. Wind-pollination had little effect on sesame cross-pollination. Small insects were beneficial to sesame geitonogamy or self-pollination and increased relative seed setting rate of 1.87% , but had little effect on cross-pollination. Large insects played an extremely important role on sesame cross-pollination, and insect cross-pollination could result in the relative seed setting rate as high as 43.70% in the case of no self-pollination. Insects were a major media of sesame cross-pollination. Sesame pollinating insects mainly included Apisand Megachilidae, and time of visiting flower reached a peak between 10：00 and 13：30 in a day, and there were variations among different years.

关 键 词：芝麻 繁育特性 异花传粉媒介 

分 类 号：S565.3[农业科学—作物学]