施氮量对冬马铃薯氮素利用和土壤氮含量的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Application Rates on Winter Potato Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Soil Nitrogen Content

作　　者：韦剑锋[1] 宋书会 韦巧云 梁振华 韦冬萍[1] 梁和[2] 

机构地区：[1]广西科技大学鹿山学院,广西柳州545616 [2]广西大学农学院,广西南宁530005 [3]广西南亚热带农业科学研究所,广西龙州532415

出　　处：《作物杂志》2015年第3期93-97,共5页Crops

基　　金：广西自然科学基金项目"马铃薯氮肥效率及去向研究"(2013GXNSFBA019050)

摘　　要：在大田条件下,以马铃薯品种费乌瑞它为试验材料,研究施氮量（N 0、80、160、240kg/hm^2）对冬马铃薯氮素吸收利用和土壤氮含量变化的影响。结果表明,施氮可显著提高马铃薯根、茎、叶及块茎全N含量;施N量在0-160kg/hm^2范围,马铃薯茎、叶、块茎及植株全N积累量随施N量的增加而明显增加,但继续增加施N量,茎、块茎及植株全N积累量增加不明显;马铃薯氮肥农学利用率、吸收利用率、偏生产力及氮素块茎生产效率随施N量的增加呈明显下降趋势,氮肥生理利用率和氮素收获指数呈先增加而后降低趋势。马铃薯收获后,施N量为0-80kg/hm^2的种植地0-30cm土层碱解氮含量不同程度下降,施N量为160-240kg/hm^2的各土层碱解氮含量显著增加,但施N量对土壤全N含量影响不明显。可见,本研究条件下施N量应控制在80-160kg/hm^2。A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of nitrogen application rates（ N 0,80,160,240 kg / hm^2） on the nitrogen use efficiency and the change of soil nitrogen content with a potato cultivar Favorite.Results showed that the total N content of potato root,stalk,leaf and tuber was increased significantly with the N applied. The total N accumulation amount of potato stalk,leaf,tuber and plant were increased significantly as the N increased from 0 kg / hm^2 to 160 kg / hm^2,when the N application rate was higher than 160 kg /hm^2,the total N accumulation amount of potato stalk,tuber and plant stopped to increase. With the increasing of N application rate,the agronomic use efficiency,recovery efficiency,use efficiency partial factor productivity and tuber productivity of applied N showed decreasing trend,but physiological N use efficiency and N harvesting index showed a trend of first increasing and later decreasing. After potato harvest,the available nitrogen content in 0 - 30 cm soil layer was decreased when the N application rate was less than 80 kg / hm^2,but the available nitrogen content in soil profile was increased significantly when the N application rate was higher than 160 kg / hm^2. However,the N application rates had no significant effect on total N content in soil. Therefore,the N application rates should be controlled by 80 - 160 kg / hm^2 in the present study.

关 键 词：马铃薯 施氮量 氮素利用 土壤 碱解氮 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学]