国审杂交籼稻组合的稻米品质分析  

Analysis of Grain Quality for State-registered Indica Hybrid Rice Varieties in China

作　　者：周丽洁[1,2] 盛文涛[1,2] 吴俊[1,2] 邓启云[1,2] 赵向前[3] 

机构地区：[1]中南大学研究生院隆平分院,湖南长沙410125 [2]湖南杂交水稻研究中心杂交水稻国家重点实验室,湖南长沙410125 [3]国际水稻研究所

出　　处：《杂交水稻》2015年第3期76-80,共5页Hybrid Rice

基　　金：国家"863"计划(2012AA101103)

摘　　要：分析了2003—2013年通过国审的378份杂交籼稻的主要米质性状表现以及各米质指标间的相关性。结果表明,杂交早籼稻的垩白、整精米率和胶稠度在11 a间均有明显改善,但其米质性状仍然差于杂交中、晚籼;垩白性状仍是今后杂交籼稻米质改良的重点。垩白度和垩白粒率与整精米率、胶稠度和长宽比呈负相关,与直链淀粉含量呈正相关;低直链淀粉含量品种的平均垩白度和垩白粒率均显著低于中高直链淀粉含量品种,而其胶稠度和长宽比则高于中高直链淀粉含量品种;降低直链淀粉含量有利于改良垩白和胶稠度,适当增加籼稻的长宽比有利于降低垩白。The main grain quality traits of 378 indica hybrid rice varieties registered and released by the National Crop Variety Appraisal Committee during 2003 ~ 2013 and the correlation among the grain quality traits were ana- lyzed. The results showed that there was a significant improvement in both grain ehalkiness and head rice recovery （HRR） over the past 11 years from 2003 to 2013 for early-season indica hybrid rice （ EIHR）, but the grain quality of EIHR was still poorer than that of middle-season indica hybrid rice （MIHR） or late-season indica hybrid rice （LIHR）. The grain chalkiness was found to be the most important target to improve grain quality of indica hybrid rice in the future. Besides, it was found that the degree of endosperm chalkiness （ DEC ） and the percentage of grains with ehalkiness （PGC） were negatively correlated to HRR, gel consistency （GC） and length-width ratio （LWR） but positively correlated to amylose content （ AC ）. The indica hybrid rice varieties with low AC had a sig- nificantly lower DEC and PGC but a higher GC and LWR than those with middle to high AC. Therefore, decreasing AC is favorable to the improvement of grain ehalkiness and GC, and increasing LWR is favorable to the decrease in grain chalkiness of indiea hybrid flee.

关 键 词：杂交籼稻 稻米品质 垩白 直链淀粉含量 

分 类 号：S511.01[农业科学—作物学] S330.2