汾河太原河段浮游植物多样性及微囊藻产异味物质成因  

Phytoplankton diversity and off-flavor-producing Microcystis in the Taiyuan region of the Fenhe River

作　　者：王捷[1,2] 冯佳[1,2] 谢树莲[1,2] 张建民[1,2] 程革[1,2] 连耀俊 

机构地区：[1]山西大学生命科学学院,太原030006 [2]太原市汾河景区管理委员会,太原030002

出　　处：《生态学报》2015年第10期3357-3363,共7页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：山西省自然科学基金项目(2011011036);山西省社会发展科技攻关项目(20130313010-4)

摘　　要：2012年7月和10月,对汾河太原河段浮游植物多样性及微囊藻产异味物质进行了调查研究,并对其水质进行了评价。结果显示:(1)共鉴定出浮游植物6门65属126种,其中绿藻门种类最多,有25属57种,其次为硅藻门,有26属40种,蓝藻门有9属20种,其它门种类相对较少,包括裸藻门2属5种,甲藻门2属2种,隐藻门1属2种;(2)2012年7月份的优势种为蓝藻门的微小平裂藻(Merismopedia tenuissima)、不定微囊藻(Microcystis incerta),硅藻门的尖针杆藻(Synedra acus),绿藻门的四尾栅藻(Scenedesmus quadricauda)、美丽网球藻(Dictyosphaerium pulchellum)和甲藻门的微小多甲藻(Peridinium pusillum),10月份的优势种为蓝藻门的微小平裂藻、阿氏浮丝藻(Planktothrix agardhii)、两栖颤藻(Oscillatoria amphibia),硅藻门的尖针杆藻,绿藻门的四尾栅藻和隐藻门的啮蚀隐藻(Cryptomonas erosa);(3)2012年7月份和10月份迎泽桥段浮游植物平均细胞密度分别为188.28×106个/L和58.66×106个/L,南内环桥段浮游植物平均细胞密度分别为83.78×106个/L和65.99×106个/L,表明水体为富营养型;(4)Margalef多样性指数(D)为2.04—2.68,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H)为0.49—1.00,Pielou均匀度指数(J)为0.13—0.26,数据分析显示汾河太原河段水质为中度污染至重污染;(5)通过对分离纯化的微囊藻挥发性异味物质的检测,8株微囊藻中有6株可产生明显的异味。经过嗅味判断及与常见异味种类标准品的比对,确定这6株微囊藻产生的异味物质主要为β-环柠檬醛(β-cyclocitral)。The Taiyuan region of the Fenhe River is a large park with a theme of ＂people, city, ecosystem and culture＂, which promotes relaxation, vacationing and sightseeing. This portion of the river is approximately 12 km in length, 500 m in width and covers an area of 600 hm2. In recent years, the influx of domestic and industrial sewage in the upper reaches of the Fenhe River has caused the self-cleaning capacity of the river to deteriorate, degraded the river＇s water quality and enhanced eutrophication in the water body. Subsequently, sensitive species of phytoplankton have dramatically reduced, resulting in a decline in the river＇s diversity index and a more simplified community structure, which is prone to cyanobacteria blooms. To date, more than 60% of the lakes in China have been subject to eutrophication and have suffered from cyanobacteria blooms. Microcystis is the most frequently reported cyanobacteria genus. It has long been a primary focus of attention because of its potential to produce microcystins and to cause an undesirable taste and odor in freshwater sources. In 2011, the section of river in Taiyuan was subject to an unprecedented cyanobacteria bloom over a large area. While the affected waters spanned a length of several kilometers, the area between the Yingze Bridge and the Nanneihuan Bridge was the most seriously affected. To control eutrophication and prevent the recurrence of blooms, phytoplankton diversity and the presence of odorous compounds produced by Microcystis were investigated in the Taiyuan region of the Fenhe River. The water quality assessment was based on data collected during July and October, 2012. A total of 126 phytoplankton species belonging to 65 genera and 6 divisions were identified. Among these, the Chlorophyta was the most dominant division, including 57 species from 25 genera, followed by Bacillariophyta, with 40 species from 26 genera, Cyanophyta with 20 species from 9 genera, Euglenophyta, with 5 species from 2 genera, Dinophyta with 2 species from 2 genera and Cr

关 键 词：汾河太原河段 浮游植物 多样性 微囊藻 异味物质 水质评价 

分 类 号：Q948.8[生物学—植物学]