甘肃省近三十年来酿酒葡萄需水量时空差异及气候影响因素分析  

Analysis of Temporal-spatial Variation and Climate Influencing Factors on Wine Grape Water Requirement in Gansu Province During the Past 30 Years

作　　者：李雅善[1] 王振吉[1] 范树国[1] 王波[1] 徐成东[1] 

机构地区：[1]楚雄师范学院化学与生命科学学院,云南楚雄675000

出　　处：《北方园艺》2015年第10期190-195,共6页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(31300370);云南省应用基础计划资助项目(2011FZ186);云南省应用基础计划项目青年资助项目(2012FD049);楚雄师范学院重点建设学科基金资助项目(05YJJSXK03);云南省高校科技创新团队支持计划资助项目(IRTSTYN);楚雄师范学院基金资助项目(10YJYB02)

摘　　要：作物需水量是灌溉决策制定的前提,了解作物需水量的时空差异及其影响因素对农业灌溉用水管理具有重要的指导作用。现采用作物系数法计算了甘肃省酿酒葡萄的需水量,并对其时空差异进行了分析。同时,也对其与气象因子的相关性进行了探讨。结果表明：甘肃省酿酒葡萄需水量在空间分布上呈西北高、东南低的态势,总体需水量集中在300~600mm,最高点与最低点相差1倍;近30年来,甘肃省酿酒葡萄需水量呈现上升趋势,上升速率为5.64mm/10a,但是上升趋势并不显著,而在其局部地区却出现显著上升或下降的现象;酿酒葡萄的需水量与日平均气温、日最高气温、日最低气温、日照和风速呈显著正相关,与相对湿度和降水呈显著负相关,其中与日平均气温相关性最大,与降雨量相关性最小。Crop water requirement was the precondition of irrigation decision-making.To research the temporal-spatial variations of crop water requirement and the influencing factors of crop water requirement had an important guiding function on the irrigation water management.Crop water requirement of wine grape in Gansu province were calculated by FAO approach,which equaled to reference crop evapotranspiration multiplied by crop coefficient of wine grape.Meantime,the relation between crop water requirement and meteorological factors were explored.The results suggested that the spatial distribution of water requirement of wine grape in Gansu province emerged higher in northwest and lower in southeast.The water requirement of wine grape was concentrated upon the range of 300-600 mm.The highest space was twice than the lowest space.From nearly 30 years,the water requirement of wine grape in Gansu province presented rising trend,and the rising rate was 5.64mm/10 a,but the trend was not significant.But the local areas of the province appeared rising or decreasing significantly.Correlation analysis relative showed that daily average temperature,daily maximum temperature,daily minimum temperature sunshine hour and wind speed were significantly positive correlated with wine grape water requirement,while relative humidity and precipitation were significantly negatively correlated with it.The daily average temperature was most correlative with wine grape water requirement and the precipitation was the last correlative with it among the seven meteorological factors.

关 键 词：甘肃省 酿酒葡萄 需水量 作物系数 气象因子 

分 类 号：S274.3[农业科学—农业水土工程] S663.1[农业科学—农业工程]