纤维素酶降解秸秆特性及其基因工程研究进展  

Advances in Research of Straw Degradation with Cellulase and Its Genetic Engineering

作　　者：张森翔 尹小燕[1] 龚志伟[1] 杨忠华[1] 侯亚利[1] 周卫[1] 

机构地区：[1]武汉科技大学化学工程与技术学院,武汉430081

出　　处：《生物技术通报》2015年第5期20-26,共7页Biotechnology Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(21376184);湖北省教育厅科学研究项目(D20121108)

摘　　要：能源短缺和环境污染问题是人们关注的焦点。秸秆类生物质以其资源丰富、无污染及可再生等特性使其在解决能源危机方面具有极大应用前景。对秸秆类生物质通过纤维素酶的水解转化为可发酵性的糖,再结合发酵技术可进一步生产乙醇、氢气等能源物质,是一条成熟的能源化技术路线。其关键是秸秆生物质的预处理与高效的糖苷水解酶获得。将从对秸秆类生物质的预处理、纤维素酶的作用机理研究和纤维素酶基因工程3个方面对当前的研究进展进行综述与分析。这对于促进秸秆类生物质能源化应用具有指导意义。Energy shortage and environmental pollution have become the public focusing issue. Straw biomass with its rich resources, non-polluting and renewable feature, has great application prospect in solving the energy crisis. Converting straw biomass to fermentable sugars by hydrolysis with cellulase and combing with fermentation may produce ethanol, hydrogen and other materials of energy, which has been a mature technology route. The crucial steps of utilizing straw biomass are the prctreatment of straw biomass and efficient obtaining of glycoside hydrolases. We summarize and analyze the current research from 3 aspects： the structural characteristics of straw and its biological pretreatment; the mechanism of cellulase in hydrolysis of straw biomass; and the gene engineering for eellulase. It has a guiding significance in the promotion of applying straw biomass for energy.

关 键 词：纤维素 纤维素酶 秸秆生物质 纤维素水解效率 纤维素酶基因 

分 类 号：S216.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]