完成时态和起始时态的复合功能  

Aspectual Functions of the Complex Aspect Constructed from the Perfect Aspect and the Inceptive Aspect

作　　者：杨国文[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院语言研究所,北京100732

出　　处：《汉语学习》2015年第3期3-11,共9页Chinese Language Learning

基　　金：德国Bremen大学语言文学系的资助

摘　　要：复合时态的语法形式及其功能是时态研究的一个重要方面。汉语简单时态之间的复合受到较多的时态语义特征的限制。复合时态的时态功能由简单时态的单一变为多重,其特性取决于两个参加复合的简单时态所具有的共享特征和兼容特征。本文讨论汉语的起始时态"V+起+(N)+来"和完成时态"已经/已+V+(了)"的复合时态功能,分析该复合时态的共享特征和兼容特征,说明两个简单时态在复合形式中凭借支配性和非支配性参照时间所表现出来的主辅作用,指出该复合时态从完成时态继承而来的与情状过去时间的无关联性和情状状态的现在相关性。Studies of aspectual functions and grammatical expressions of complex very important in the field of aspect research. Compared with English,aspect aspects are combinations in Chinese are more strictly restricted by the semantic features associated with simple as- pects. A complex aspect has uasally more than one aspetual functions,which are determined by the shared and compatible features of individual aspects. This article presents an analy- sis of aspectual functions of the complex aspect constructed from the perfect aspect ＂yi- jing/yi ＋ V ＋ （le）＂ and the inceptive aspect ＂V ＋ qi ＋ （N） ＋ lai＂ in Chinese. We shall discuss the shared and compatible features of the compelx aspect and elaborate its domi- nant and complementary functions contributed by the two individual aspects respectively. We shall also show that the complex aspect has the properties of past time irrelevance and current state relevance,both of which are inherited from the perfect aspect ＂yifing/yi ＋ V ＋ （le）＂

关 键 词：时态 复合时态 起来 已经 时态特征 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]